最新刊期
      卷 40 ， 期 6 ， 2017

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Guanwen WANG,Jing ZHANG,Xin QI,Wenqing ZHANG,Jun LI,Qing ZHOU
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060401(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060401
        摘要：Background It is the first time using the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of 25 Hz as the main accelerator for the China spallation neutron source (CSNS), hence higher the performance of the power supply system for RCS, as well as the protection of the resonant network are requested. Purpose This study aims to reflect the status of the resonant network of RCS timely and accurately. Methods A programmable logic controller (PLC) is used as the kernel to handling the protection signals and a human machine interface (HMI) is implemented to display whole status of the resonant network. Finally, some simulation experiments are carried out to verify its performance and functionalities. Results Simulation tests showed that the protection system can reflect the status of the resonant network timely and accurately. And the total responsive time is about 16 ms. Conclusion The design of protection system for resonant power supply can satisfy the experimental requirements of RCS.  
        关键词：PLC;RCS;Protection of resonant network   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Yinyu LIU,Jinglong ZHANG,Rong ZHOU,Chaowen YANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060403(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060403
        摘要：Backgrounds The CR-RCm filter is a classic and widely used filter for nuclear analog signal processing circuit. It possesses the advantages of superior performance and simple implementation. Purpose This study aims to digitize CR-RCm filter and discuss its performance with different RC and m parameters. Methods Based on the linear differential equation with constant coefficients of analog RC (CR) filter's input and output voltage, recursive formulas of the digitized CR high-pass filter and RC low-pass filter were derived, and system transfer function of digitalization CR-RCm filter was further deduced. After analysis of the characteristics of digitalized CR-RCm filter in time-domain and frequency-domain, both the energy spectra and the resolution of full energy peak before and after the CR-RCm filter were experimental tested. Results The digitalized nuclear pulse signal was shaped as Gaussian waveform by CR-RCm filter. The energy resolution of 137Cs spectrum was improved 1% through CR-RCm filter and could further enhanced by adjusting RC and m parameters. Conclusion Digitalization CR-RCm filter could be used to reform pulse signal to increase the signal-to-noise (SNR), hence improve spectrum resolution of nuclear signal.  
        关键词：Digitize;RC filter;CR-RCm shaping;Gauss shaping;Energy resolution   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Kai FENG,Yue XU,Hong BAO,Xinhan DENG,Zhonghua KUANG,Xiaohui WANG,Yunfei ZHENG,Yongfeng YANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060402(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060402
        摘要：Background Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive and quantitative functional and molecular imaging technique. It was more and more popularly used in modern biomedical research such as animal model of human disease, new drug development and evaluation of new therapies. Purpose Improving the detector property is the key to increase the performance of the PET scanners. PET detector normally consists of a segmented scintillator array and a photodetector. Methods In this work the performance of PET detectors consisting of (Lu, Y)2SiO5 (LYSO) arrays with polished and unpolished crystal surface was measured by using both dual-ended and single-ended readout with position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Results The experimental results showed that both LYSO arrays provided similar flood histogram and energy resolution for dual-ended readout detector, but the unpolished LYSO array provided much better resolution of interaction depth and should be used for dual-ended readout PET detectors. Conclusion Polished LYSO array provided better flood histogram and energy resolution, and should be used for single-ended readout PET detector.  
        关键词：PET;LYSO crystal;PET detector;Spatial resolution;Energy resolution   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Yaxi ZHANG,Ping CAO,Xiru HUANG,Jiajun ZHENG,Di JIANG,Qi AN
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060404(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060404
        摘要：Background The time-of-flight (TOF) detector is a key component in the compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment at the facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR). It utilizes super module detectors to achieve high-denseness, high-precision particle flight time measurement. Each super module supports up to 320 channels of high-precision time measurement capabilities, and the data transfer will reach up to 6-Gbit·s-1 peak rate. Purpose This study aims at the quality control of data readout system for CBM-TOF super module. Methods First of all, the background and readout methods in similar TOF detectors were introduced. Then a distributed data readout method and related software framework was proposed to meet the quality control readout requirements by using the system on chip (SOC) techniques. Finally, a prototype software was implemented under Linux operating system to test and verify the feasibility of the distributed data readout method. Results The read-out board (ROB) prototype module for a single data transmission path achieved approximate 467-Mbit·s-1 data transfer rate in the case of full-link. Both data acquisition and status monitoring of each component of CBM-TOF were implemented properly in the software. Conclusion The distributed data readout method and the related prototype software implementation can be used for quality control of CBM-TOF super module readout.  
        关键词：CBM-TOF super module;Distributed data transmission;Gigabit ethernet   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Wenbo ZHAO,Jinsen XIE,Qin XIE,Zhenping CHEN,Wenjie ZENG,Zijing LIU,Lihua HE,Tao YU
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060602(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060602
        摘要：Background Simplify DRAGON & DONJON lattice-core "two step" process reasonably, this method can be applied to any reactor and any working condition. Purpose This study aims at verifying the feasibility of using DRAGON & DONJON physical analysis for burning TRU and ThU fuel in molten salt reactor (MSR) by combination of reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC) and Monte Carlo neutron particle transport code (MCNP). Methods Both the molten salt breeder reactor (MSBR) and molten salt advanced reactor transmuter (MOSART) reactor were taken as examples for comparison and analysis. RMC program was employed to verify accuracy of burnup calculated by DRAGON program whilst MCNP program was used to verify both the accuracy of lattice homogenization embedded in DRAGON program and the few group cross-section call and diffusion in whole reactor adopted in DONJON program. Results The results show that DRAGON program can be used in MSR for burning TRU and ThU fuel. The calculation errors of fast spectrum and thermal spectrum diffusion are less than 0.001 in critical calculation. Conclusion DRAGON & DONJON is suitable for physical analysis of TRU and ThU fuel burning in MSR.  
        关键词：MSR;Lattice homogenization;ThU;TRU   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Xuesong XIE,Maosong CHENG,Zhaozhong HE,Kai WANG,Zhimin DAI
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060603(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060603
        摘要：Background Safety and economy is the goal of the next generation of nuclear power system as important indexes in the development of nuclear power system. According to the characteristics of fluoride molten salt reactor, the concept of the integral small modular fluoride molten salt cooled high temperature reactor which uses natural circulation for residual heat removal is proposed. Purpose This study aims to analyze the transient characteristics under two kinds of incidents:the reactivity insertion incident and the heat sink loss incident. Methods Based on the basis of the steady state simulation, modified RELAP5-MS software is employed to analyze the two kinds of incidents. Results In the case of the reactivity insertion incident, as a result of the existence of natural circulation, the coolant flow rate of core changes dynamically with the core temperature, and reaches a new steady state eventually. The power of the core reduces gradually because of the negative feedback, and the reactor shuts down eventually under the circumstance of heat trap loss incident. Taking no account of the residual heat removal system conservatively, the fuel assembly and the coolant temperature rise slowly. Fuel and coolant temperature are within safe limits within 140 h. Conclusion The results show that natural circulation for residual heat removal in the first loop will guarantee the great safety features of the fluoride molten salt cooled high temperature reactor.  
        关键词：The integral small modular fluoride molten salt cooled high temperature reactor;RELAP5-MS;Natural circulation;Safety feature   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Guangwen BI,Chuntao TANG,Bo YANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060604(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060604
        摘要：Background Vanadium self-powered detectors (SPDs) are widely used as in-core fixed detectors in nuclear power plants, to continuously provide measurement data for in-core neutron flux map monitoring. Purpose This study aims at the calculation method of neutron response current for vanadium SPDs, providing a theoretical basis for on-line in-core power distribution monitoring and detector design optimization. Methods First of all, the response mechanism and characteristics of vanadium SPDs are described, then the neutron response current control equation and calculation method of electron escape probability, based on Warren's analytical model, are presented. Finally, the numerical modeling for the typical vanadium detector specifications is performed and compared with the experimental data. Results The results show that the deviation of thermal neutron sensitivity per unit length is within ±5% between the computation data and the measured value. Conclusion It demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the method.  
        关键词：Vanadium SPDs;In-core neutron flux map monitoring;Detector response current;Electron escape probability;Neutron sensitivity   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Ming WANG,Mingzhun LEI,Yuntao SONG,Mingxuan LU,Kun PEI,Sumei LIU
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060601(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060601
        摘要：Background As the core components in the fusion reactor, the breeder blanker takes the role of tritium breeding and energy conversion. A helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) blanket concept has been put forward for the China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) by the blanket integration design team of the Institute of Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Purpose The aim is to study the influence of the electromagnetic (EM) transients on the structural design of HCCB breeder blanket. Methods The eddy current, Lorentz forces and moments are calculated by the transient analysis. The maximum equivalent stress and deformation displacement generated in the components under extreme conditions are obtained by coupling calculation of multi-physical field. Results The eddy current induced by the EM transients, Lorentz forces, moments, the maximum equivalent stress and deformation displacement generated in the components are obtained by ANSYS. Conclusion The results show that the maximum equivalent stress and displacement of deformation are satisfied with the requirement of structural safety design. Moreover, this simulation will provide the necessary reference data for future design and optimization support structure of the HCCB breeder blanket.  
        关键词：CFETR;Helium cold ceramic breeder blanket;Plasma major disruption   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Ying ZHU,Huating KONG,Jichao ZHANG,Lihua WANG,Jun HU,Chunhai FAN
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060103(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060103
        摘要：Background With short wavelengths, long penetration depth and excellent energy resolution of X-rays, synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM) has demonstrated its great potential for nanoscale cellular imaging. However, despite of the high-quality sub-cellular morphological details provided by XRM, it lacks appropriate molecular probes capable of localizing cellular targets. Purpose This study aims to perform the preparation of X-ray imaging tags. Methods In vitro chemical catalytic reaction was introduced to get the X-ray imaging tags. Results By exploiting the excellent energy resolution of X-rays, synchrotron-based X-ray imaging tags were prepared with the imaging resolution of 30 nm when observed by soft X-ray microscopy at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF). Conclusion The results indicate high potential to design X-ray sensitive molecular probes for cell imaging.  
        关键词：3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB);Catalysis;Polymer;Synchrotron-based X-ray;Imaging tag   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Sisi SUN,Junqiang ZHANG,Lin LI,Yajuan LIU,Qiang GU,Dazhang HUANG,Minghua ZHAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060102(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060102
        摘要：Background The output signal of klystrons for the soft X-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL) is processed by the low level radio frequency (LLRF) measurement and control system to ensure the stable operation of the amplitude and phase of the electric field of an radio frequency (RF) structure in the linear accelerator (LINAC). However, the nonlinearity of the input-to-output characteristic curve of the klystron makes the radio frequency regulation of the LLRF control system inefficient. Purpose The study aims to design an online system to compensate the nonlinearity characteristic from klystrons in SXFEL. Methods The online system uses the FPGA-based digital predistortion method, including three algorithms:third order polynomial, direct lookup table, and lookup table with linear interpolation. Results In the on line experiment, the input-to-output characteristic curve of the klystron is linearized, and the system effectively compensates the nonlinearity characteristic introduced by the klystron. Conclusion The online system improves the precision and accuracy of the LLRF control system, which meets the requirements of the SXFEL.  
        关键词：Klystron;Linearization;SXFEL   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Zhendong CHENG,Gengwu JI,Fei WANG,Xiaonan ZHANG,Yingguo YANG,Jihao LI,Wen WEN,Xingyu GAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060101(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060101
        摘要：Background Functionalized gold nanoparticles with unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects can be used as building blocks for constructing 3D structures towards novel nanoscale electronic or electro-optic devices. Purpose In this work, we aim to study the structure and photoemission property relationship of the film of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-stabilized Au nanoparticles with a diameter less than 3 nm. Methods Au nanoparticles stabilized by 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) with a diameter less than 3 nm are prepared following a modified Peterk's method which is deposited on Cu substrate to prepare thin film. The as-prepared films are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Results As shown by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the obtained films of Au nanoparticle with a diameter of 1.8 nm are consisted of micron size blocks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and XPS indicate that Au-S bonds are successfully formed. Moreover, GIXRD studies show that superlattice structure with strong preferred out-of-plane orientation is formed in the obtained 1.8-nm Au nanoparticle film. While the secondary electron peaks observed in UPS spectrum of all these Au nanoparticles films (with a diameter less than 3 nm) are much stronger than that of Au(111) reference sample, the peak of the 1.5-nm nanoparticle film is the strongest, and is about 10 times of that of Au(111) reference sample. Conclusion In this study, the film of 1.5-nm MUA-stabilized Au nanoparticles exhibited most enhanced photoemission intensity and had the potential applications in electron sources and photo detectors.  
        关键词：MUA-stabilized Au nanoparticles thin film;Superlattice;Photoemission   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Xiaowen ZHANG,Ya YAO,Cheng YI,Mi LI,Rong YANG,Tianjiao JIANG,Sheng YANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060201(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060201
        摘要：Background To enhance the shielding properties of concrete mixtures, there is a tendency toward using various additives while most of these additives being used either pose hygiene hazards or require special handling processes. Purpose To ensure the concretes being environmentally friendly and providing sufficient gamma ray radiation shielding efficiency, Bi2O3-loaded concrete mixtures are researched and optimized. Methods Both experimental and theoretical methods were used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient before using the Taguchi method to optimize concrete's mix proportion which includes cement quantity, water-to-cementitious material ratio, Bi2O3 rate and sand ratio. Results The shielding abilities and mechanical properties of Bi2O3-loaded concretes were improved compared with ordinary concrete. There was small inconsistency between results obtained by MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N-Particle 5) program and experiment. Conclusion It was suggested in the study that the most important parameter affecting the attenuation of the concrete's radiation is the Bi2O3 rate while cement quantity is the following factors, and the effects of water-to-cementitious material ratio and sand ratio are negligible.  
        关键词：Bismuth oxide;Concrete;Linear attenuation coefficient;MCNP5;Taguchi method   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Bing JIANG,Li XIA,Li AN,Wei WEN,Tie HE,Jie ZHANG,Jianyi LI,Yanyan DING,Zhanwen MA,Zhiwu HUANG,Junrun WANG,Xiaolong LU,Zeen YAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060202(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060202
        摘要：Background The measurement of tritium production rate for tritium breeding blanket is one key issue of fusion system. Purpose A preparation method of liquid scintillation sample for tritium production rate measurement based on lithium carbonate pellet with aluminum foil coat was studied. Methods According to the basic principle of liquid scintillation technique counting, it is necessary to bring lithium carbonate pellet with aluminum foil coat into the scintillation solution by chemistry process. Results & Conclusion From the results, the liquid scintillation sample prepared by sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid can keep clear fluid without the liquid-liquid separation. To improve tritium counting efficiency and with a good compatibility, liquid scintillation sample for 20 mL should keep least 12-mL liquid scintillation and the temperature during the process of preparation and measurement must be 10-20℃ centigrade.  
        关键词：Aluminum foil;Li2CO3 pellet;Liquid scintillation sample;Tritium production rate measurement   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Yiqi HUANG,Bin LI
        Vol. 40, Issue 6, Article number: 060501(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.060501
        摘要：Background Human eye is a complex and delicate imaging system, whose intrinsic optical aberrations limit the ultimate spatial resolution, making it worse than the diffraction limit of an aberration-free aperture in equal-size. Especially the asymmetry and irregularity presence in various components of eyeball would prevent the precise eye-surgery from achieving superb imaging quality. The conventional eye surgery could well correct the low-order optical aberrations dominant by "defocus", however make no rectification for the high-order aberrations. Meanwhile it would modify the original corneal a-sphericity to introduce significant "spherical aberration" to the eye-ball, which causes the severe reduction of vision acuity, especially at the dark environment. Purpose In order to rectify the post-surgery visual quality reduction due to dimer environment, as well as the side-effects e.g. halo, dizziness, we proposed a personalized eye-modelling and surgery scheme, and compared the post-surgery outcomes to the conventional ones. Methods We established a personalized eye model at the regular myopia of (-2D or -5D), and compared the post-surgery imaging quality of the conventional or customized corneal ablation schemes implementing three typical techniques in optometry:the ray-tracing spot diagrams at fovea, the modulation transfer function of the spot diagrams, and the wave-front aberration distributions of the eye-ball. Results We find out that the traditional refractive surgery has many limitations, it can't correct the intraocular astigmatism and the high order aberrations either, while the customized eye surgery is able to reduce the various orders of the optical aberrations in general nicely to achieve the much better imaging quality. Conclusion The techniques we use for assessing the imaging quality and spatial resolution at retina are objective, which clearly demonstrate the personalized eye-modelling and the ablation surgery schemes based on that achieved remarkable advantages to approach the retina resolution.  
        关键词：Human eye;Personalized eye-modelling;Corneal surgery;High-order aberration   
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