最新刊期
      卷 44 ， 期 3 ， 2021

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “上海同步辐射光源二期线站工程中，基于时间分辨的泵浦实验取得突破，专家建立了高时间分辨率的束团纯度在线测量系统，为束团纵向分布测量提供新方案。”
        GAO Bo,LAI Longwei,LIU Xiaoqing,CAO Shanshan,LENG Yongbin
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030101
        摘要：BackgroundThe phase-II beam line project is currently under construction at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF), and one of its important goals is to have the ability of pumping experiments with high time resolution. High time resolution experiments require the purity of the probe bunch to reach the order of 10-5. However, the traditional bunch-by-bunch charge measurement based on the beam position monitor has a resolution of only 10-4.PurposeThis study aims to propose and implement a bunch purity measurement system for high time resolution at SSRF.MethodsBased on the time-correlated single-photon counting technology, a bunch purity monitor was developed and installed on the diagnostic beam line of SSRF. An evaluation experiment was designed to verify its performance and optimize this bunch purity measurement system.ResultsThe experimental results show that the resolution of the new bunch purity monitor can reach to 10-7 in a few minutes.ConclusionThe new bunch purity measurement system is applicable to measuring the longitudinal distribution of electron bunches,and studying the effect of filling patterns on purity.  
        关键词：Bunch purity monitor;Time-correlated single-photon counting;Bunch charge measurement   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在光学记录、数据存储等领域，Ge2Sb2Te5材料在X射线辐照下的结构变化研究取得进展，为抗辐照机制及辐射加固技术研究提供参考。”
        HE Peiyao,ZHAO Yue,LIU Yu,WANG Bo,ZHU Xiaoli
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030102
        摘要：BackgroundDue to its unique optical and electrical properties, phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) has been widely used in optical recording, data storage, etc. In some specific environments, such as the space and security inspection channels, X-ray irradiation can change the structure and properties of GST.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the X-ray irradiation induced effect of GST.MethodsThe 50 nm thick GST films sputtered on Si substrates were irradiated for different times by an X-ray source of the synchrotron radiation facility, and the changes in chemical states and structures of the films were analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).ResultsWith the increasing of irradiation time, the peak intensity of GeO2 is enhanced, and Sb2O3 and TeO2 are transformed into higher metal oxides Sb2O5 and TeO3, respectively. Which indicated the chemical states and the bonds of each element changed, and the degree of oxidation increases. After 9-h irradiation, a large number of holes can be seen on the film surface. It means that the limit of irradiation time of Ge2Sb2Te5 is 9 h.ConclusionsX-ray irradiation on GST is an effective method to alter the chemical states and structures of GST, it provides a reference for the research of radiation resistance mechanism and radiation hardening technology of GST.  
        关键词：Synchrotron radiation;Ge2Sb2Te5;XPS;Chemical bond   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        ACCELERATOR, RAY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在聚变堆金属杂质原子光谱研究领域，专家提出了基于传导冷却的紧凑型中能段电子束离子阱杂质光谱研究平台的系统设计方案，通过COMSOL仿真软件辅助设计，为进一步工程设计提供参数参考。”
        BIN Bin,ZHANG Hongming,YANG Yang,HAO Qiangwang,DAI Chao,WANG Fudi,FU Jia,LI Yingying,LI Jun,XIAO Jun,LYU Bo
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030201
        摘要：BackgroundRadiation loss caused by impurities in tokamak plasmas, especially of those metal impurities, is one of the crucial factors restricting the further improvement of plasma performance.PurposeThis study aims at the atomic spectroscopy of metal impurities on fusion reactors with a conceptual design of a compact impurity spectrum research platform based on intermediate energy electron beam ion trap.MethodsThe system design scheme for a compact medium-energy impurity spectra platform (MISP) using conduct cooling low temperature superconductor was presented. Then the COMSOL simulation software was employed to design and analyse the magnetic field, and the electron beam trajectory in the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) of MISP. The magnetic field calculation, inner electrode design, spectrometer design and other auxiliary system design of the electron beam ion trap were carried out.ResultsSimulation results show that uniform magnetic field intensity of 1.0 T in the center of EBIT drift tube can be achieved with appropriate design parameters, and the electron beam can be constrained in the drift tube.ConclusionsThis concept design can provide a reference for further engineering design.  
        关键词：Electron beam ion trap;Highly charged ions;Low temperature superconductor   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在核物理领域，专家建立了井型γ谱仪效率刻度方法，为土壤样品测量提供解决方案。”
        LAI Yongfang,CHEN Fei,SUN Jian,QIN Wanyun,QI Yelin
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030202
        摘要：BackgroundPutting samples into the well-type γ ray spectrometer can greatly improve the activity measurement efficiency, therefore it can reduce the measurement time and the mass of samples.PurposeThis study aims to accurately obtain detection efficiencies of well-type NaI(Tl) detector as a function of gamma ray energy and the well depth before using the well-type γ ray spectrometer.MethodsFirst of all, the Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP) was employed to simulate energy deposition spectrum of γ ray in well-type NaI(Tl) detector according to mathematic model based on the characteristic parameters of detector and standard γ source. Based on simulating a well-type NaI(Tl) detector and soil samples, the peak efficiency of different γ ray energy and depth of soil samples were calculated by MCNP4C program and corrected by single energy point source measurement. Meanwhile the efficiency calibration functions were fitted accoeding to detection efficiency of well type NaI(TI) gamma spectrometer with different energy and quality of soil samples. Finally, 137Cs point source was used for experimental verification for main standard soil samples of SiO2, A12O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO.ResultsThe maximum relative deviation between the function fitting value and the MCNP simulation value is less than ±7%.ConclusionsThe efficiency calibrating method of well-type is established based on the combination of MCNP simulation calculation and volume source measurement correction.  
        关键词：Well-type gamma spectrometer;Efficiency calibration;Monte Carlo simulation;MCNP   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • “在多模态影像引导放疗领域，四川省人民医院医联体基层成员单位针对国产放疗系统与国产核磁共振成像系统不兼容问题，提出了一种解决方案，为基层单位提供经验参照，为国产设备研发提供临床一线反馈。”
        YIN Yunpeng,LUO Kelin,XIE Zhao,HU Jinyou,ZOU Lian
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030301
        摘要：BackgroundThe fusion of multi-modal imaging characteristics will greatly improve the recognition of tumors and normal tissues. The guidance of multi-modal imaging has become an indispensable link for precise radiotherapy. Benefiting from the development of domestic medical equipment, many grassroots hospitals have the basic conditions to carry out multi-modal image-guided radiotherapy based on domestic equipment. The incompatibility between the domestic radiotherapy system and the domestic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging system affects the integration of multimodal image-guided radiotherapy.PurposeThis study aims to solve the problem of incompatibility of multi-modal image fusion in radiotherapy, provide experience reference for counterparts in grassroots units.MethodsFirst of all, the imported radiotherapy planning system (Eclipse TPS System) and imaging system (SIEMENS Magnetom aera 1.5 T) were taken as reference, a calibration software tool MagicPhantom was independently developed by using Python programming language. Then an image correction links in the clinical process of the domestic radiotherapy planning system (FonicsPlan) and MagicPhantom was added for the review of multimodal images. Finally, the multi-modal image-guided precise radiotherapy in the application scenarios of national production equipment was implemented.ResultsThe newly-added image review process takes approximately 2 min to process images of each case, which effectively solves the problem of incompatibility between domestic radiotherapy system and domestic imaging system.ConclusionsUsing Python programming language to solve the problem of incompatibility of multi-modal image fusion is a simple and feasible method, which will help provide experience reference for peers in the grassroots units, and help manufacturers to better improve equipment performance and complete product iteration.  
        关键词：Domestic equipment;Radiotherapy;Multi-modal imaging;Compatibility issues;MRI   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • “新型CeBr3探测器成功应用于天然样品中238U活度测量，与HPGe探测器结果一致，为室温条件下活度测量提供新方法。”
        FENG Yanqiang,WANG Tiejian,YANG Longquan,JIAO Cangwen,LI Bihong,ZHAO Dan,WANG Haiyang
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030401
        摘要：BackgroundAt present, the determination of 238U activity in natural samples mainly relies on HPGe spectrometer, but it has application limitation and high cost.PurposeThis study aims to measure the activity of 238U by the new detector at room temperature, providing a lower cost, more convenient and efficient technical means for on-site activity measurement and natural sample analysis.MethodsThe original spectrum data of natural samples measured by the new CeBr3 detector were analyzed. The feasibility of extracting energy peak of 1 001 keV for 238U content calculation from the measured U-Ra gamma spectrum was investigated. Influence of 1 001 keV and 969 keV peeks and calculation of the peak area were explored by using the measured U-Th gamma spectrum. Finally, the measurement results of 1 001 keV energy peek obtained by using CeBr3 detector were compared with those of high resolution HPGe semiconductor detector to evaluate the effectiveness of this method.ResultsThe comparison results show that the CeBr3 detector can be used to distinguish 1 001 keV (238U) energy peek from 969 keV (228Ac) energy peek in the measured spectrum of natural samples, and the activity measurement result of 238U using 1 001 keV energy peek is consistent with HPGe spectrometer.ConclusionsThe new CeBr3 detector is applicable to measuring the activity of 238U in natural samples at room temperature.  
        关键词：CeBr3 detector;238U;1 001 keV;Activity measurement   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在核材料衡算领域，专家提出了一种校正中子符合计数的方法，通过建立刻度函数关系校正废物桶含钚废物的符合中子计数，准确测量α废物活度和质量，为该装置推广应用提供基础。”
        ZHOU Zhibo,SUN Shiqi,LIU Likun,ZHANG Haiqing,CHU Quanli,LI Duohong,YANG Lifang,TAN Xizao,LIN Jun,WU Zhaohui
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030402
        摘要：BackgroundMeasurement of uranium and plutonium content in the waste drum assay system (WDAS) is affected by the absorption of the matrix in the drum due to the neutron coincidence counting of waste.PurposeThis study aims to propose a method for correcting neutron coincidence counting applicable to the classification detection of WDAS.MethodsFirst of all, the calibration function between the absorption correction factor of the external neutron source and the sample in the waste drum was established. Then the coincidence neutron count of plutonium in the waste drum was corrected according the calibration function. Thereby the activity and quality of α waste were accurately measured. Finally, a 252Cf source was taken as external neutron source for experimental verification of neutron absorption correction of WDAS.ResultsExperimental results show the relative deviation between the corrected 252Cf activity and the standard value is significantly reduced, and the deviation of the experimental correction results is better than 7%.ConclusionsThe absorption correction method improves the accuracy of the results and provides the basis for the extension and application of the device.  
        关键词：Waste drum assay system;Neutron coincidence counting;Absorption correction   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在工业领域，基于硅光电倍增管的快中子成像系统对低原子序数物质更灵敏，模拟和实验验证了其可行性，为进一步研究提供依据。”
        ZHANG Yu,ZHANG Jian,ZHANG Guoguang
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030403
        摘要：BackgroundThe fast neutron imaging is an important non-destructive screening method which is sensitive to the objects consisting of the low atomic number elements such as hydrogen and carbon. A small, portable fast neutron imaging system could have a number of applications such as domestic security and industrial testing.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the feasibility of a portable fast neutron imaging system based on the plastic scintillator array and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM).MethodsFirst of all, a simulation toolkit was developed by using GEANT4 and Python programming language to obtain the position and the deposited energy of a neutron interacting with the plastic scintillator. Then, several samples of different materials and shapes were simulated with this toolkit, and the reconstructed images of these samples were established. Based on the simulation results, factors affecting detection efficiency of detector, such as energy threshold and the size of the scintillator, were analyzed. Some factors related with the image quality, like the size of the neutron source, the distance between the source and the sample, etc., were studied by the simulation. Finally, a prototype detector for neutron imaging system in the size of 5.5 cm×5.5 cm×2.5 cm was developed and experimental test of several samples in simulation were performed using a D-D neutron tubes.ResultsExperimental data obtained by the prototype neutron imaging system using silicon photomultiplier and plastic scintillator array show that different materials and shapes of samples can be preliminarily distinguished from the reconstructed images with spatial resolution of 3 mm.ConclusionsThe feasibility of the imaging system based on SiPM and the plastic scintillator array is demonstrated from two aspects of simulation and experiment in this study.  
        关键词：Fast neutron imaging;Monte-Carlo simulation;Silicon PhotoMutiplier;Position-sensitive detector array   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • “在核物理领域，专家通过调整量子分子动力学模型参数，研究了核势深度对α共轭核中α团簇结构形成的影响。”
        DI Xuanping,FANG Deqing,HE Wanbing,MA Yugang
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030501
        摘要：BackgroundThe cluster structure in light nuclei has been a hot topic in the nuclear structure research. Cluster phenomenon is related to the effective nuclear interaction, but the detailed mechanism of clusters in nuclei is still unclear.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of nuclear potential on formation of α cluster in nuclei.MethodsBy adjusting the Pauli potential parameters in the extension of quantum molecular dynamics model (EQMD), the average binding energy and root mean square radius of the nucleus calculated by the model are in better agreement with the experimental values and empirical formulas. Momentum-dependent nuclear interactions (MDI) is added to the EQMD model. According to the state equation of infinite nuclear matter, different nuclear interaction potential parameters are derived.ResultsThe deeper the Skyrme potential, the easier the α cluster structure will be produced.ConclusionsThe nuclear interaction potential has a great influence on the formation of α cluster structure in nuclei.  
        关键词：Skyrme potential;α cluster;EQMD model   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在180纳米互补金属氧化物半导体微处理器领域，专家分析了片内外设对电离辐照的敏感性，建立了片内闪存存储器失效概率模型，为抗辐射设计提供参考。”
        LIU Yining,YANG Yapeng,CHEN Faguo,ZHANG Jiangang,GUO Rong,LIANG Runcheng
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030502
        摘要：BackgroundThe rapid development of nuclear emergency robots requires more understanding of online radiation damage in commercial microprocessors in robots.PurposeThis study aims to find the most sensitive peripheral of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microprocessor to radiation dose and establish the statistical probability model of its failure dose.MethodsThe online ionizing irradiation test of 60Co source was carried out for 180 nm CMOS microprocessor STM32F103C8T6. The trapped charge model was used to analyze the most sensitive peripherals. The normal, logarithmic, two-parameter Weibull distribution and three-parameter Weibull distribution were used in the data processing. Radiation effect sensitivities of in-chip Flash memory, timer, common synchronous/asynchronous transceiver, analog/digital converter and common input/output peripherals were compared and analyzed. The statistical probability model of FLASH irradiation failure dose was established.Results & ConclusionsThe result shows that FLASH is the most sensitive peripheral of CMOS microprocessor to the total irradiation dose due to its Charge Pump. The write failure of FLASH memory is more in line with three-parameter Weibull distribution when the total dose is increased.  
        关键词：CMOS microprocessor;Total ionizing dose effect;On-line testing;Probability distribution   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在γ射线屏蔽设计领域，专家采用蒙特卡罗方法研究积累因子，为高能γ射线屏蔽设计提供参考值和计算方法。”
        YANG Tibo,WANG Min,FAN Xinyang,LIAO Guanghui,DAI Guangming
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030503
        摘要：BackgroundIn the shielding design of γ-ray, it is very important to select the appropriate buildup factor for the shielding effect. As far as the current data are concerned, when designing the shielding material, the effect of bremsstrahlung is considered for the single-layer materials, but not for composite materials.PurposeThis study aims to improve the accuracy of the shielding thickness calculation with the consideration of γ-ray buildup factors by simulation.MethodsThe Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the buildup factors in different γ-ray energies and different shielding material thickness. Buildup factors of single-layer materials and multilayer composite materials were calculated with the consideration of bremsstrahlung and compared with those without bremsstrahlung.ResultsSimulation results show that the contribution of bremsstrahlung to the buildup factor is lower at low energies and thin shielding thicknesses for single-layer materials and composite materials, but it is more obvious at high energies and high shielding thicknesses. The buildup factors show a decreasing trend with the increase of γ-ray energy, and show an increasing trend with the increase of shielding thickness.ConclusionsThis study provides a reference and calculation method for the buildup factor for shielding design of high-energy γ-ray in actual situations.  
        关键词：Buildup factor;Shielding material;MCNP simulation;Bremsstrahlung   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “广东伴生矿固体废物处置研究取得进展，为安全处置提供数据依据。”
        CHEN Zhidong,CHEN Baidi,DENG Fei,GUO Jie,ZHU Zhiru,ZHU Shenhe,HUANG Zhengxuan,WANG Zuohe
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030504
        摘要：BackgroundThe proper disposal of solid wastes of mine associated with radioactivity has become an urgent environmental problem in Guangdong.PurposeThis study aims at the leaching characteristics, kinetic mechanism, migration and leaching distribution of nuclides and heavy metals from the associated radioactivity solid wastes for properly disposing of solid wastes.MethodsU, Th, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As nuclides and heavy metals from zircon sand type associated radioactivity solid wastes were taken as objects in soaking experiment, indoor soil column leaching experiment and outdoor soil column simulated landfill experiments. Migration law of pollution elements to soil and leaching distribution law of pollutants under long-term leaching were investigated.Results & ConclusionsExperimental results indicate that the highest leaching rates of U, Th, Cr, Pb, As, Cd and Hg from natural rainwater leaching experiment are 0.007 9%, 0.000 53%, 0.15%, 0.033%, 0.18%, 0.0% and 0.041%, respectively, and most of the elements from associated radioactivity solid wastes were fitted to hybrid control kinetic model. Results of 100-d indoor soil column experiment and one year outdoor soil column simulated landfill experiment show that the contaminants are difficult or quite slow to release to the environment, which provides basic data for the proper disposal of the associated radioactivity solid wastes.  
        关键词：Mine associated with radioactivity;Solid wastes;Nuclide;Heavy metal;Release behavior   
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        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • “在核能领域，专家基于RELAP5/FLUENT耦合程序，建立了熔盐堆一回路模型，验证了其应对反应性引入事件的能力。”
        HE Fan,CAI Xiangzhou,GUO Wei,HE Long,CUI Lei
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030601
        摘要：BackgroundMolten salt reactor (MSR) is an ideal advanced reactor with good neutron economy, inherent safety and online refuelling.PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the transient behavior of reactive insertion transients of MSR.MethodsBased on the RELAP5/FLUENT coupling program and the establishment of the primary circuit model, the graphite-moderated channel type molten salt reactor was studied, and transient analysis was conducted when the reactor core was inserted with 0.000 1, 0.000 2, and 0.000 5 reactivities.ResultsThe results show that under the concerned reactivity insertion, the maximum temperature of the reactor core and the outlet temperature of the salt are both lower than the safety allowable limit due to the negative temperature reactivity of the reactor core.ConclusionsThis study verifies the good response ability of MSR to reactivity insertion events.  
        关键词：RELAP5/FLUENT;Molten salt reactor;Reactivity insertion;Thermal-hydraulic   
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      • “在核燃料领域，专家建立了三维有限元模型，探索了事故容错燃料热导率增强方法，为提高核燃料安全性提供新思路。”
        ZHANG Haiqing,LU Linyuan,WANG Peng,YAN Chao,LIN Jun
        Vol. 44, Issue 3, (2021) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.030602
        摘要：BackgroundThe research focus of accident tolerant enhanced thermal conductivity nuclear fuel mainly lies in the optimization of the preparation process and the improvement of the thermal conductivity whilst the control of microstructure is one of the main means to improve the thermal conductivity. So far the fault tolerant fuel in the world is mainly adding high thermal conductivity particles into the matrix particles to improve the thermal conductivity of fault tolerant fuel.PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the influence of fault-tolerant fuel structure on thermal conductivity.MethodsFirst of all, a three-dimensional finite element model of fault-tolerant fuel was established. Then, based on Ansys Workbench and this model, thermal conductivities of different fault-tolerant fuel were calculated by simulation. Effects of the shape and space of the beryllium oxide particles added to uranium dioxide matrix on thermal conductivity were analyzed.Results & ConclusionsThe variations of thermal conductivity with the shape, spatial orientation and allocation of beryllium oxide particles are obtained. It provides a reference for the selection of fault tolerant fuel.  
        关键词：Fault tolerant fuel;Thermal conductivity;Heat flux;Interfacial thermal resistance   
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