最新刊期
      卷 42 ， 期 1 ， 2019

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “上海光源二期工程中，超导三次谐波腔将提升束流托歇克寿命。专家提出了三种1.5 GHz信号下变频方案，满足谐波腔控制需求。”
        GONG Pengpeng,ZHAO Yubin,HOU Hongtao,ZHANG Zhigang,ZHENG Xiang,XU Kai,CHANG Qiang,XIA Yangyang,LIU Jianfei
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010101
        摘要：BackgroundShanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF) is the third generation synchrotron radiation source. In the phase II project, the third harmonic superconducting cavity will be used to improve Touschek lifetime by lengthening the bunch.PurposeThis study aims to achieve the tuning control of the harmonic radio frequency (RF) system by frequency reduction of the 1.5 GHz signal from harmonic cavity for signal sampling in the control system.MethodsFirst of all, three kinds of frequency conversion schemes were introduced. Then outcomes of reducing 1.5 GHz RF signal to 31.25 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal by using these three schemes were performed. Finally the characteristics of each scheme and the factors affecting the results of down conversion are analyzed.ResultsThe test results shown that three down conversion schemes has good linearity in different dynamic range and met control system specifications. The optimal scheme based on frequency multiplier achieved best performance of linear dynamic range greater than 70 dB and lowest phase noise of IF signal.ConclusionA down conversion scheme with frequency multiplier will be applied in the harmonic RF control system.  
        关键词：Third harmonic cavity;Down conversion;Low level radio frequency (LLRF);Touschek lifetime   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在固体氧化物燃料电池领域，专家利用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟研究了阳极电化学反应过程中微结构变化、气体与电流密度分布，为阳极结构优化提供参考。”
        YU Dehai,WEI Wenbin,LIU Jianhong,GUAN Yong
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010102
        摘要：BackgroundThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is suitable for studying the transport of microscopic particles in the complex porous anode electrochemical reaction process of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).PurposeThis study aims at the microstructure change, gas and current density distribution in the process of SOFC anode electrochemical reaction in order to understand the cause of performance attenuation in the process of battery operation and provide reference for the optimization of anode structure.MethodsFirst of all, the three-dimensional structure of SOFC anode samples after running 2 h and 20 h were obtained. Then, based on previous studies, the ion transport effects in the electrochemical reaction of anode was performed by using LBM to obtain the concentration distributions of hydrogen and water in anode, and the current density distribution of oxygen ions.ResultsAfter 20 h of SOFC operation, Ni particles migrate and aggregate, resulting in the increase of local Ni phase volume fraction and the decrease of effective three-phase interface length of anode. As the electrochemical reaction occurs at an effective three-phase boundary, the reduced length of the three-phase interface results in a reduction of SOFC performance. At the same time, as fuel cells run, hydrogen consumption decreased, oxygen ion consumption decreased, and water production decreased.ConclusionIt is shown that LBM can be used to simulate an SOFC anode at microscale and evaluate the effect of structural parameters on the transport processes.  
        关键词：X-ray imaging;Ni-YSZ anode;Lattice Boltzmann method;Current density   
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      • “在光学元件测量领域，专家建立了拼接测量方法，通过位移校正提高拼接精度，为大口径反射光学元件面形测量提供解决方案。”
        LIU Dingxiao,LI Ming,SHENG Weifan
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010103
        摘要：BackgroundIn order to realize the high precision measurement of large-aperture mirror, a stitching method is established. The position errors between adjacent surfaces affect the stitching results, so compensation algorithm is needed to solve this problem.PurposeThis study aims to reduce the effect of position errors in stitching measurement by proposing a global optimization algorithm for position error compensation.MethodsFirstly, the basic theory of stitching measurement technology is applied to dividing the whole test mirror into several parts, each part of the surface should meet the requirement of a single measurement. Then, based on BFGS algorithm, pixel motion and two-dimensional linear interpolation, a stitching method for compensating position error is established. Finally, a ZYGO Fissor interferometer is employed to construct stitching measurement equipment to measure the 120 mm × 20 mm area in reflector by using stitching measurement method.ResultsCompared with full aperture measurement, the peak-valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) of the height residual achieved by stitching measurement are 8.7 nm and 0.5 nm, respectively.ConclusionsThe experiment result showed that this optimization method can compensate the position error more effectively than the direct stitching method.  
        关键词：Large aperture mirror;Interferometry;Optic measurement;Stitching   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在航空γ能谱测量领域，研究者提出了一种基于多重分形理论的频率域分形逐层滤波法，有效识别矿致异常信息，为相关研究提供新方向。”
        XIONG Chao,SUN Kun,GE Liangquan,ZHANG Qingxian,GU Yi,ZHAO Qing
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010201
        摘要：BackgroundIdentification method on ore-caused anomalies information is one of the core technologies of airborne γ-ray spectrum data post-processing. However, the current ore-caused anomalies information identification methods in airborne γ-ray spectrum are generally based on statistical analysis while the frequency scales are ignored.PurposeThis study aims to propose an anomaly identification method on the frequency scale to discover the structural features of complex systems and identify anomalies.MethodsBased on multi-fractal theory, the power spectrum of the nuclides specific activity data of the airborne γ-ray spectrum under frequency domain was analyzed. The cut-off frequency of the power spectrum by the multi-fractal theory was quantitatively calculated. The 1:50 000 airborne γ-ray spectrum trial production flight data of a certain area in Inner Mongolia (the surveying area contains proved metal ore occurrences) to verify the method, and the original data was filtered by layers to determine and identify the optimal frequency band of the ore-caused anomalies information.ResultsThrough filtering the power spectrum data of original signals in the method of fractal filtering by layers, the signals of the ore-caused anomalies information were found in each fractal frequency band. The results show that background noises in the frequency band of f2~f3 (ie 0.308 01~0.406 15 Hz) can be effectively separated, and ore-caused anomalies of known ore occurrences can be identified and band-like false anomalies caused by time domain batches can be removed.ConclusionDue to the false anomaly signals caused by time domain batches only exists in the middle and low frequency bands, the band-pass filtering of medium-high frequency band in fractal filtering by layers proposed in this paper can be used to separate and remove them.  
        关键词：Airborne γ-ray spectrum;Filtering by layers;Multi-fractal;Anomalies identification   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在超导质子回旋加速器束流位置诊断领域，专家提出了采用辐射薄膜的方法，通过剂量计算和实验验证，为精确测量束流位置提供解决方案。”
        CAI Yaqian,YANG Qingxi,DING Kaizhong,SONG Yuntao,WU Yucheng,MAO Lingli
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010202
        摘要：BackgroundAccording to the beam characteristics and debugging requirements of SC200 superconducting proton cyclotron, it is necessary to measure the beam position accurately in the process of proton acceleration and extraction.PurposeThis study aims to propose a beam position diagnostic method by means of radiochromic film.MethodsFirst of all optimal type of the film was selected by dose calculation at different measuring positions. The feasibility of four types of films was verified by Monte Carlo simulation calculation and experimental measure on ion source test platform. Then the optimal irradiation time for different types of films at different measurement positions was provided through the experiment and dose analysis. Finally, a processing scheme for visualizing the discoloration area of the film was proposed. [Result &ConclusionThe four radiochromic films can be colored after proton irradiation, and the color of the films can be maintained stable after long time, hence can be used for beam position diagnostics.  
        关键词：Cyclotron;Beam diagnostics;Radiochromic film;Absorbed dose;Fixing device   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • “在核环境保护领域，专家利用蒙特卡罗软件模拟计算碘监测仪探测效率，为提高探测准确度提供参考。结果表明，对于同轴井型活性炭采样盒，均匀分布体源标定探测效率准确度较高。”
        YIN Yin,HUANG Zihan,XU Hongkun,MENG Xianfang,MU Changli,WANG Ge
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010401
        摘要：BackgroundThe monitoring of radioactive iodine has been an important part of nuclear environmental protection. Detection efficiency is the main indicator for calibrating and evaluating iodine monitor.PurposeDue to the environment and the form of radioactive iodine, the distribution of iodine in the activated carbon sampling box is not uniform. At present, when the detection efficiency of the iodine monitor is calibrated, the activity of the standard volumetric source used is uniform, which is different from the actual distribution. So it is necessary to verify the accuracy of detection efficiency of the environmental iodine continuous monitor.MethodsThe detection efficiency of iodine in different positions was simulated in the activated carbon sampling box using the Monte Carlo software MCNP, and the results was verified by experiments.ResultsThe Monte Carlo model of detection efficiency of the iodine monitor was established, and it provided reference for improving the design of the iodine monitor and the accuracy of detection efficiency.ConclusionsThe results show that the detection efficiency of the iodine monitor is accurate calibrated with 133Ba uniform source and can accurately reflect the performance of the iodine monitor.  
        关键词：Iodine monitor;133Ba volumetric source;Detection efficiency;MCNP   
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      • “在便携式γ能谱核素识别领域，设计了基于Windows CE的手持设备，实现了快速准确识别核素。”
        TANG Wei,ZENG Guoqiang,GAO Yan,ZHU Zhu,QING Song,HU Chuanhao
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010402
        摘要：BackgroundNuclide identification plays an important role in applications of nuclear technology.PurposeThis study aims to design a handheld radio gamma spectrometer radionuclide recognizer based on Windows CE to meet the functional requirements of portable radionuclide measurement and identification.MethodsIn order to achieve the purpose of quickly and accurately identifying the nuclide, the embedded ARM (advanced RISC machine Cortex-A8) core board of S5PV210 is used as the main control board which has the characteristics of light, easy to operate and low power consumption. The stable performance and rich function of the Windows CE system make it easy to implement data acquisition and processing algorithms. The smoothing effect of Sawicki's first filter, the effect of symmetrical zero area method and nuclide identification were evaluated during the platform testing of the whole system.ResultsThe experimental results show that the instrument can identify the basic nuclide quickly and accurately.ConclusionsThe design improves the efficiency of the whole machine and meets the basic requirements.  
        关键词：Windows CE;Portable nuclide identification instrument   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • “在D-D可控源密度测量领域，研究了地层条件对次生γ源空间分布的影响，为建立高精度测量方法提供依据。”
        ZHANG Li,YU Huawei,JIA Wenbao,WANG Yinhui
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010501
        摘要：BackgroundThe spatial distribution of D-D "induced γ-ray source" is significantly different from that of entity γ-ray source, and it is more susceptible to the influence of various formation factors.PurposeThis study aims at the spatial distribution of D-D induced γ-ray sources under different conditions in density logging.MethodsFirstly, based on the principle of D-D controllable source density measurement, calculation model of density logging using D-D source was built. Then the spatial distribution characteristics of γ-ray sources under different formation conditions such as various hydrogen index, lithology and salinity, were simulated by using MCNP. Finally, all these influencing factors and simulation results were analyzed and summarized.ResultsAmong these factors, the hydrogen index has the greatest impact on the spatial position of induced γ-ray source, and particularly, when formation hydrogen index varies within the range of 0~0.1, the spatial positions of capture γ-rays will change significantly. Comparatively, formation lithology and salinity have greater impact on the intensity of induced γ-rays than on the spatial distribution of these γ-rays. For formations of different lithologies, the types and contents of main elements in the formations are different.ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of induced γ-ray source spatial position and intensity are susceptible to the influence of various formation factors. This research provides the basic data for correcting the effects on D-D induced γ-ray source.  
        关键词：D-D Source;Density measurement;Induced γ-ray source;Spatial distribution   
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      • “中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所利用60Co γ射线源和兰州重离子加速器，对25 nm商用Flash存储器进行总剂量效应和单粒子效应实验，分析了辐照总剂量对浮栅单元错误退火特性的影响。”
        YIN Yanan,LIU Jie,JI Qinggang,ZHAO Peixiong,LIU Tianqi,YE Bing,LUO Jie,SUN Youmei,HOU Mingdong
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010502
        摘要：BackgroundFlash memories have been widely used in many space systems because of their high density and non-volatility. The single event effect (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) of Flash memories are attracting more and more attentions.PurposeThis study aims at the impact of total ionizing dose on annealing of floating gate errors induced by heavy ion irradiation.MethodsThe commercial single level cell (SLC) 25 nm NAND flash devices manufactured by Micron technology Inc. were selected for experimental study. TID irradiations were performed with 60Co γ-rays at Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Then heavy ion irradiations were conducted at the heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) using three ion sources.ResultsThe percentage of annealing error of samples previously irradiated with TID is very different from that of unirradiated samples.ConclusionsThe charge loss of floating gate (FG) and charge trapping in the tunnel oxide induced by γ-rays have great influence on the percentage of annealing error of FG cells.  
        关键词：Flash memory;Heavy ions;γ-rays;Annealing   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • “钍基熔盐液态实验堆堆容器接管蠕变损伤分析，为核能安全运行提供保障。”
        WANG Xiaoyan,WANG Xiao,ZHANG Xiaochun,ZHU Shifeng
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010601
        摘要：BackgroundThe reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of thorium molten salt reactor-liquid fuel 1 (TMSR-LF1) has been designed to operate at 650 °C for long-term period, therefore, it is extremely important to analyze its creep damage.PurposeThis study aims to calculate and assess the creep damage of the RPV nozzle in TMSR-LF1 with an inelastic analysis method.MethodsBased on damage mechanics theory, firstly, the material constants of Lemaitre multi-axial creep damage model are obtained by fitting the creep test data of UNS N10003 alloy at 650 °C. Then the equivalent stress and creep damage of the RPV nozzle in TMSR-LF1 under normal operating conditions are calculated by finite element analysis.ResultsThe theoretical prediction values of creep fracture life are basically consistent with the experimental results, with a maximum error of 7.38%. The calculation results indicate that the maximum creep damage of the RPV nozzle in TMSR-LF1 reaches 0.082, which meets the 10-year life limit requirement.ConclusionsThe analysis method and results have certain reference value for the structural integrity evaluation of elevated temperature equipment in TMSR.  
        关键词：TMSR-LF1;RPV;UNS N10003 alloy;Damage mechanics;Multi-axial creep damage   
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      • “在核电站仿真领域，研究人员开发了三维堆芯实时数值模拟程序，有效解决了瞬态仿真模型的高精度与实时性问题，为全范围仿真机开发提供解决方案。”
        DUAN Xinhui,WANG Bingshu,JIANG Ping
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010602
        摘要：BackgroundThe functions on full scope simulator of nuclear power plant have developed from simple operator training and examination to the addition of the analysis of malfunction and safety. Therefore, the higher requirements are put forward from two aspects of precision and speed.PurposeThis study aims to improve calculation precision and speed of two group transient neutron diffusion equations by using the nonlinear iteration method (NIM) for 3D reactor core modeling.MethodsFirst of all, the flux and power of neutron are calculated in real-time using the coarse mesh finite difference method (CMFD). The couple parameters of CMFD are updated in real-time by the NIM. Then the coupled correction factor is calculated by nodal expansion method (NEM), and the dynamic group parameters are corrected in real-time to decrease the control rod cusping effect. Finally, the three-dimensional reactor core real-time simulation code is developed and verified by the typical benchmark examples, and the real-time simulation mesh spacing and convergence criterion are suggested and tested.ResultsResults show that the NIM combines the advantages both on high precision of NEM and fast speed of CMFD. The dynamic group parameters correction (DXS) can prompt the accuracy at the coarse cell and large time step.ConclusionIn the development process on full scope simulator of nuclear power plant, NIM can effectively solve the high precision and real-time balancing problem of three dimensional reactor core transient simulation model.  
        关键词：Nonlinear iteration;Corrected coupling factor;Reactor transient;Real-time simulation   
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      • “钠冷快堆专家建立了小泄漏钠水反应一维计算模型，为二回路小泄漏探测系统布置提供参考。”
        DENG Xinjie,CAO Xuewu
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010603
        摘要：BackgroundSodium-cooled fast reactors adopt sodium-sodium-water/steam three-loop heat transfer mode, heat exchange between the sodium in the secondary circuit and the water/steam in the third circuit is achieved by the steam generator. Even tiny crack of the heat-transfer tube in the steam generator may lead to sodium water reaction.PurposeThis study aims at hydrogen migration behavior in sodium-cooled fast reactor so as to effectively curb the expansion of small leakage accident by detecting the occurrence of sodium-water reaction in time.MethodsFirst of all, a one-dimensional calculation model of small leakage sodium-water reaction in the secondary loop of sodium-cooled fast reactor is established. Then a one-dimensional analysis program is written in Fortran language, which can calculate the generation and migration of hydrogen gas in the sodium water reaction of small leakage. Meanwhile, the calculated results are compared with those of a reference. Finally, in the case where a heat transfer tube of the steam generator is broken, the effects of leakage rate and sodium temperature on the migration of hydrogen in the secondary sodium are analyzed.Results & ConclusionsAnalysis results show that the rate of hydrogen concentration change in the secondary circuit can be used to monitor the occurrence of minor leakage accidents, hence provide a reference for the arrangement of the small leakage detection system in the secondary loop of sodium-cooled fast reactor.  
        关键词：Sodium-cooled fast reactor;Small leak;Sodium-water reaction;Hydrogen migration   
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      • “在第四代先进反应堆领域，专家开发了氯盐快堆子通道分析程序，验证了压降和湍流交混模型的正确性，为新型氯盐冷却快堆设计提供有效工具。”
        LIN Ming,CHENG Maosong,DAI Zhimin
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010604
        摘要：BackgroundMolten salt-cooled reactor (MSR) is one of six Generation IV advanced reactor concepts, molten chloride-cooled fast reactor (MCCFR) is one of MSRs which uses high temperature chloride-salt as coolant and has great advantages of high temperature, low pressure and harden neutron energy spectrum, as well as potential in inherent safety.PurposeThis study aims to develop and valid a sub-channel analysis code for calculation and analysis of the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of MCCFR.MethodsThe single-phase sub-channel analysis approach is applied to coolant thermal-hydraulic analysis to solve transient mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. And based on the 7-bundle geometry, the pressure drop model and the turbulent mixing model applied in the sub-channel analysis code for molten chloride-cooled reactor are specifically analyzed and validated by comparison with these numerical results from Fluent.ResultsThe results indicate that the numerical results of the developed sub-channel analysis code with Rogers-Rosehart turbulent mixing model and Cheng-Todreas pressure drop model are in good agreement with that from Fluent in the case of steady state and transient.ConclusionThe development and preliminary validation of the sub-channel analysis code will provide an effective design and analysis tool for the new chloride salt cooled fast reactor.  
        关键词：Molten chloride-salt reactor;Sub-channel analysis;Pressure drop model;Turbulent mixing model;Fluent   
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      • “核石墨构件失效评定研究取得新进展，改进模型更接近试验数据，为核石墨构件安全运行提供解决方案。”
        DING Dong,GAO Yantao,YANG Xiong,ZHONG Yang,ZENG Guangli
        Vol. 42, Issue 1, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.010605
        摘要：BackgroundNuclear graphite, as neutron moderator, reflector and structural material, plays an important role in the molten salt reactor and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). The integrity of graphite component is crucial to the safe operation of the reactor. As a brittle material, the strength of nuclear graphite is dispersed, hence the probabilistic method is more suitable for failure assessment of nuclear graphite components.PurposeThe study aims to propose a modified model to calculate the probability of nuclear graphite failure by modifying the ASME code.MethodsBased on ASME calculation failure probability model, the grouping criterion of failure probability calculation is improved. A Brazilian disc was used to model the tensile strength of nuclear graphite NBG-18 by finite element method software ABAQUS.Results & ConclusionCompared with the overconservative ASME model, the results of revised ASME model is closer to experimental data, and more conservative than the KTA3232 specification. The modified model is sensitive to the size of the specimen and insensitive to the grid.  
        关键词：Nuclear graphite;Failure probability;Weakest link;Finite element method   
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