最新刊期
      卷 40 ， 期 12 ， 2017

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Ning ZHANG,Longwei LAI,Liwu DUAN,Yongbin LENG
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120101(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120101
        摘要：BackgroundAs the transverse instability of beam has been suppressed effectively in storage ring, further optimization would mainly refer to the residual coupled instability for individual-bunch in transverse feedback (TFB) system upgrade plan in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). TFB system could affect the transverse motion of bunched beam. PurposeThis study aims to analyze TFB effect on beam to make a definite target of TFB optimization in the future, and to understand the characteristics of coupled-bunch instability. MethodsA bunch-by-bunch position online data acquisition system was employed in the beam experiment, transverse position data with different TFB gain force was obtained for further analysis. By spectrum analysis of bunch-by-bunch position data in MATLAB, transverse oscillation amplitude distribution with TFB gain force and bunch ID were curved. ResultsExperimental curves showed that transverse position data with various TFB gain had unregular relationship with the coupled-bunch instability. ConclusionTFB effect on beam transverse instability evaluated by using bunch-by-bunch position data could offer data support for further research.  
        关键词：Bunch-by-bunch position;Transverse feedback;Beam instability   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Fei WANG,Zhendong CHENG,Xiaonan ZHANG,Yingguo YANG,Xingyu GAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120102(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120102
        摘要：BackgroundLigated Au nanoparticle (Au NP) thin films show enhanced photoemission due to the fact that Au-S chemical bonding significantly improves the Au NP-ligand interface transmission probability. PurposeThis study aims to investigate how annealing influences the secondary electron photoemission from ultra-thin ligated Au NP films. MethodsTransmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were employed to study size distribution of ligated Au NP, surface morphology, elemental compositions, microstructure of the film, and photoelectron emission from the film, respectively. ResultsMercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) ligated Au NP with an average diameter of~1.4 nm was used to fabricate ultrathin film with a thickness of 10 nm. AFM and SEM results showed that Au NP was distributed well and the film was quite smooth. Using SEM, it was found that S composition became less with increasing annealing temperature. UPS spectra revealed that the secondary electron photoemission peak from Au NP film after annealing at 150℃ was about 4 times larger than that of thin film without annealing. However, annealing at an even higher temperature caused a dramatic decrease of secondary electron photoemission. ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that an annealing at a proper elevated temperature enhanced the secondary electron photoemission from ultrathin MUA ligated Au NP films, which would promote applications of the ligated Au NP films as promising photoelectron-emission materials for photoelectron devices.  
        关键词：Au nanoparticles;Ultrathin film;Photoelectron emission;Annealing   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • Zhenhui DAI,Shiwu ZHAO,Geng YANG,Lin ZHU,Bailin ZHANG,Yuanhu ZHU,Huaizhi JIN,Xuetao WANG,Yu ZHANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120302(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120302
        摘要：BackgroundEnhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) is commonly used to achieve dose uniformity in the target volume in radiotherapy. However, EDW must be verified before implementation in the treatment planning system. PurposeThis paper is to simulate the EDW of Varian linear accelerator by Monte Carlo method, and to construct a new tool for quality assurance of EDW. MethodsEDW is simulated with the DYNJAWS module of BEAMnrc to build the source model. Depth dose and off-axis dose are calculated by use of DOSXYZnrc in a phantom to generate the EDW factor and profiles of EDW at different angles. The model is validated based on the comparison of Monte Carlo simulation and real measurement results. ResultsThe simulation results are in good agreement with measurement results, and the deviation is less than 2%. ConclusionIt demonstrates that the EDW model based on Monte Carlo simulation is effective, which would achieve the requirement of quality assurance of EDW.  
        关键词：EDW;Monte Carlo simulation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Yamei LI,Yanxing GUAN,Xuezhong CHEN,Qing ZHANG,Qing ZHANG,Mengzhi ZHANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120301(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120301
        摘要：BackgroundB2-S22-AFA is a kind of small molecule mimetic polypeptide that can conjugate to epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) specifically and has obvious depressant effect on breast cancer cells with overexpressing HER-2. PurposeThis study aims to investigate the specific killing effect of 131Ⅰ-labeled B2-S22-AFA on breast cancer cell with overexpressing HER-2. Methods131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA was prepared by using N-bromosuccinimide method to measure the labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity, stability, and immunocompetence. The expression levels of HER-2 in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. The inhibitory rate of B2-S22-AFA on cell growth was observed with epidermal growth factors (EGF) at different concentrations. Five groups i.e, B2-S22-AFA group (B2-S22-AFA final concentration:1 μg·mL-1), 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA group (131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA final concentration:144 kBq/1 μg·mL-1), 131Ⅰ group (131Ⅰ final concentration:144 kBq·mL-1), negative control group and reagent blank group, were selected for contrast tests with the final concentration of EGF in each group at 5.0 pg·mL-1. The proliferation and activity of cells were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The inhibitory rates were compared among 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA group, B2-S22-AFA group and 131Ⅰ group in the growth of the two kinds of cells at different time. Results1) HER-2 receptors were strongly expressed in SKBR3 cells while weakly (low) or no expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The radiochemical purity, labeling rate and specific activity of 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA were 95.0%-97.6%, 64.8%-79.6% and 151.7 MBq·mg-1, respectively. Radiochemical purity of 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA was 95.4%, 93.5%, 91.4%, 88.2% and 77.4% when it was placed at 37℃ in serum for 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The maximum binding rates of SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were (66.47±3.24)% and (3.89±0.81)% (tested for 3 times) respectively. 2) The inhibitory effect of B2-S22-AFA on the growth of SKBR3 cells only in the presence of EGF. 3) The killing effect of 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA on SKBR3 cells was significantly stronger than that of B2-S22-AFA and 131Ⅰ (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of B2-S22-AFA on the growth of SKBR3 cells was significantly higher than that of 131Ⅰ (p < 0.05). 131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA and B2-S22-AFA had no obvious killing effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA can significantly enhance and accelerate the specific killing effect of B2-S22-AFA on breast cancer cells with high HER-2 expression.  
        关键词：Breast cancer;Isotope labeling;131Ⅰ-B2-S22-AFA;Epidermal growth factor receptor 2   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Tao ZHOU,Bing LI,Shi QI,Dongliang MA,Yanping HUANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120604(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120604
        摘要：BackgroundSupercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is the only water-cooled reactor among the fourth generation reactors. And its thermal hydraulic process is the key to the study of SCWR, which is directly related to the safety and economy of the reactor. PurposeThe degree of closeness between the determined working condition and the applicable range of empirical formula is compared to get the most suitable empirical relation. MethodsBased on the concept of closeness degree in fuzzy mathematics, the coefficient of variation method is used to determine the weight of each factor. ResultsThe calculation results by Hamming closeness degree, Euclid closeness degree and maximum minimum closeness degree are basically the same. ConclusionFor the problem of flow and heat transfer of supercritical water reactor, a kind of optimal correlation selection method is proposed based on the known correlation.  
        关键词：Supercritical water-cooled reactor;Relevance;Fuzzy nearness degree;Variation coefficient method   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Zonghao YANG,Zhaoming MENG,Changqi YAN,Peng ZHANG,Kailun CHEN,Xiangcheng WU
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120601(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120601
        摘要：BackgroundIn contrast with pressure water reactor, molten salt reactors (MSR) have low pressure, small size, high multiplication efficiency, and little residual radioactivity. The residual heat removal system is an important part of nuclear power reactor to ensure the reactor safety. However, little attention has been paid to the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) of the molten salt reactor in the literature so far. PurposeThis study aims to make some preliminary work for the design of the passive residual heat removal system and to make sure the safety and stability of residual heat removal of MSRs. MethodsThe heat transfers and flow characteristics are analyzed for the cooling thimble of MSRs. An experimental loop is designed and built with a single heat transfer element to simulate the sensible heat and decay heat removal process in drain salt tank when the reactor is shut down. The changes of pressure and temperature are analyzed through which the characteristics of flashing flow instability are studied. Moreover, the changes of heat transfer coefficients are analyzed. ResultsThe heat transfer rate increases from 550 W to 1 900 W when the thimble outer wall temperature increases from 440 ℃ to 700 ℃. And the heat transfer coefficient changes from 800 W·(m2·K)-1 to 1 700 W·(m2·K)-1 during the flashing process. ConclusionThe flashing phenomenon will cause the periodical change of natural circulation flow rate and temperature of pipe wall, resulting in the periodic fluctuation of wall temperature and periodic mechanical vibration of the system. In the process of designing the molten salt reactor passive heat removal system, the flashing flow instability phenomenon should be taken into consideration to ensure the safety and stability of heat removal.  
        关键词：Molten salt reactors;Residual heat removal;Natural circulation;Flashing flow instability   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Hengquan ZHANG,Jia LI,Qingjun ZHU,Yuxiao WU,Xingchen NIE
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120602(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120602
        摘要：BackgroundThe "long history" induced by the method of global variance reduction (GVR) based on weight window would reduce the efficiency of the Monte Carlo particle transport calculation with global characteristic. PurposeTo enhance the efficiency and minimize the waste of computing resource, this article proposes a solution to "long history" based on the study of its causes. MethodsAccording to the event log of "long history" in Chinese fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR) neutron transport calculation, the cause of the "long history" is brought up, which is in relation to particle's successively surviving in the Russian roulette games. A solution to the "long history" by limiting particle's splitting according to the number of surviving games (weight roulette number, WRN), is came up with, which is tested in CFETR model. ResultsThe result shows that when the limited number is between 1 and 4, the parallel efficiency reaches 80%, with no "long history" present and global figure of merit (pFoMG) being around 3 times of that in calculation without the limited number. ConclusionThe solution proposed prevented the "long history" and thus greatly enhanced the efficiency of GVR.  
        关键词：GVR;Global weight window;Long history;Russian roulette;Limited number   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Baoliang ZHANG,Wei QI,Huihao XIA,Libin SUN,Xinxin WU
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120605(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120605
        摘要：BackgroundNuclear graphite is a porous material and its pores can be easily impregnated with the molten fuel salt in a high pressure environment in the molten salt reactor (MSR). A seepage of the fuel salt into the graphite leads to the formation of local hot spots, which significantly damage the graphite, thereby reducing the service life of the graphite components. PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between porosity property and molten salt impregnation of nuclear graphite. MethodsThe porosity properties were examined by optical microscopy (OM), mercury porosimetry, and helium gas pycnometry. The impregnation tests were performed by impregnating graphites with molten fluoride salt at a temperature of 650° centigrade and a pressure of 0.1 MPa and 0.5 MPa respectively. ResultsThe porosity results indicated that the IG-110/IG-430 showed uniformly-distributed gas-evolved pores, small entrance pore diameter 2-4 μm, and a high open porosity; NBG-17/NBG-18 showed a big gas-evolved pores, wide range entrance pore diameter, and a high closed porosity (numerous calcination cracks in filler). ConclusionThe impregnation results showed that the impregnation mechanism of molten salt was similar to mercury. Only the applied pressure is greater than threshold pressure, the impregnation starts. With the increase of pressure, the small pores will also be filled with salt. The distribution of molten salt indicated that most of the cracks (calcination cracks and Mrozowski cracks) were closed.  
        关键词：Nuclear graphite;Pore structure;Molten salt impregnation;Entrance-pore diameter   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Lei LEI,Jianping JING,Xuedong QIAO,Jian HU,Xingwei SHI
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120603(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120603
        摘要：BackgroundPassive containment cooling system (PCS) is part of the passive reactor safety design for cooling down the containment in accidents. PurposeThis study aims to analyze the key factors affecting the cooling capacity of PCS based on the containment safety verification via integral test (CERT). MethodsThe calculating model of CERT was established using containment safety analysis program. The calculating results and the experiment results were compared to verify the model. The inner containment pressure response of double-ended cold leg guillotine (DECLG) break accident was calculated and the sensitive analysis of some parameters such as the cooling water flow, the outer shell cooling water coverage and the annulus wind speed were performed. ResultsThe result showed that the calculated pressure and temperature were similar to the experimental test results with a little bit higher than the latter. The maximum pressure of DECLG is 0.266 1 MPa. The inner containment pressure increased significantly when the cooling water flow and the outer shell cooling water coverage decreased. The pressure decreased slightly when the annulus wind speed increased. ConclusionThe calculating model is applicable for CERT calculations, and the results are conservative. Inner containment pressure is sensitive to the cooling water flow and the outer shell cooling water coverage.  
        关键词：PCS;CERT;Sensitive analysis;Cooling water coverage   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Rahila·Abduwahit,Fengyun MA,Xiang ZHANG,Jingmei LIU,Mei ZHONG,Xin ZHAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120501(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120501
        摘要：BackgroundLow-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology, with the advantages of a rapid detection process and no damage to sample, has been widely used in the field of oil exploration, food preservation, building materials. PurposeThe aim of this work is to study the pore structure of the coal samples in different areas and the saturation of the fluid in the pores, which reflects the difference in the lithofacies structure and the distribution of the fluid in the pores. MethodsThe porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation of the coal samples before and after saturation of water and manganese were measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Results and ConclusionResults show that before saturation the proton relaxation signal of coal samples is dominated by irreducible water, and after saturation the signal of free water in all coal samples appear, and the signal of irreducible water of the coal samples in Yiwu county, Baishi lake and Dongha district are stronger than that before saturation. The saturation of free fluid of samples in Kazakhstan is the highest and that of irreducible water is the lowest. The oil saturation of samples in Kazakhstan is the highest, which is 4-6 times of that in Yiwu county, Baishi lake and Dongba district; the porosity of Kazakhstan coal sample is relatively large and the porosity of Yiwu county is relatively small; after saturation the number of micropores in coal samples of Kazakhstan, Yiwu county, Dongba district and Baishi lake are reduced, and the number of small holes in Yiwu county, Dongba district and Baishi lake coal samples is much higher than that before saturation; the penetration rate of Kazakhstan coal samples is 3-20 times of that of domestic coal samples, which is related to the difference in porosity and pore size of each sample, and is also a reflection of the geological environment and the degree of development.  
        关键词：Low field nuclear magnetic resonance;Bituminous coal;Pore structure   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Wei YAN,Fangdong TANG,Linfeng HE,Jianxin CHEN,Zhiwei XIN,Xun SUN,Zhi HUANG,Linping KUAI
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120502(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120502
        摘要：BackgroundThe suppression of bacterial luminescence by poisonous substance has being previously reported, such as heavy metals, pesticides, however, rarely radiation. PurposeThis study aims to investigate the toxicity of the bioluminescent bacteria, Vibrio Qinghaiensis sp. Q67, to γ-ray radiation and the possibility of using bacteria as a biological radiation dosemeter. MethodsIn this paper, the effects of γ-ray radiation on luminous intensity of Vibrio Qinghaiensis sp. Q67 are studied using 60Co γ radiation source with various dose rate (d) and irradiation time (t). ResultsExperimental results show that the relative luminous values (RLV) of Vibrio Qinghaiensis sp. Q67 decrease with the increase of dose rate (d) and irradiation time (t) for acute radiation, and linear bivariate associations is found between RLV and the logarithm value of d and t. ConclusionVibrio Qinghaiensis sp. Q67 is sensitive to acute γ-ray radiation, which could be used to monitor γ-ray radiation.  
        关键词：Vibrio Qinghaiensis sp.Q67;60Co;Radiation dose;Relative luminous value;OD600   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Guoqiang ZENG,Zhu ZHU,Liangquan GE,Mingtao LUO,Peng YU,Jian YANG,Lei YAN,Maolin LAI,Shengliang GUO
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120402(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120402
        摘要：BackgroundTo obtain the activity of nuclide in the radioactive measurement of water, it is necessary to know the detection efficiency of nuclide which may be influenced by many factors. PurposeIt is of great practical significance to carry out the efficiency scale of high purity germanium detection device. The high purity germanium detection device selected is based on a real-time on-line monitoring system for the radioactivity of water bodies. MethodsThe water samples in the monitored waters were sampled into the low-lead lead rooms, and the radionuclides in water were detected by high purity germanium detectors. The 40K liquid source with a specific activity was prepared using KCl. The γ spectrum was measured and the detection efficiency of 40K was calculated. At the same time, the whole water body monitoring system was modeled and calculated according to the specific parameters given by the manufacturers. The energy efficiency of the γ ray in the range of 59.5-2 614.7 keV was simulated and the efficiency curve was obtained. ResultsThe deviation of detection efficiency of 40K is found to be 0.018% between the simulation and experimental results. ConclusionThe results verify the feasibility and accuracy of Monte Carlo method in simulating the efficiency scale of high purity germanium detection devices.  
        关键词：HPGe detector;Detection efficiency;Efficiency scale;Monte Carlo method   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Fengzhao SHEN,Jinglong ZHANG,Rong ZHOU,Chaowen YANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120401(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120401
        摘要：BackgroundThe accuracy of nuclear signal measurement is often affected by electronic noise. PurposeThis study aims to design a low noise circuit to enhance the accuracy of nuclear signal measurement and reduce circuit local noise. MethodsThe design of waveform digital circuit for low noise is studied to reduce the noise of analog circuit and the interference between digital circuit and power supply. An energy spectrum measuring system that combine this waveform digital circuit with a high purity germanium detector was setup to test its performance on radiation energy spectrum. ResultsA circuit with noise level of 0.120 mV is designed and implemented. The energy spectrum measurement achieved an energy resolution of 0.29% at 778.9 keV of 152Eu radiation source. This result shows that the low noise circuit performs as well as commercial digitizer abroad. ConclusionThis low noise waveform digital circuit is an important hardware basis for high-precision acquisition of nuclear signal information.  
        关键词：Low noise;Digital;HPGe;Energy spectrum   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Xiao YU,Siqi YAN,Wanxin WEN,Baoguo ZHANG,Rensheng WANG,Hanzhou LIU
        Vol. 40, Issue 12, Article number: 120201(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.120201
        摘要：BackgroundPrompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is an most important method to monitor the chemical compositions for bulk industrial materials. NaI detectors with large volume are often used for energy spectrum measurements of the prompt gamma rays in these cases. In the measurement, the NaI detectors are under a fast neutron field with large flux which is the primary factor of radiation damage to NaI crystal. PurposeThis study aims to estimate the lifetime of the NaI crystal in the PGNAA quantificationally, and investigate the energy resolution evolution for the NaI crystal caused by the fast neutrons damage. MethodsBased on the pulsed reactor CFBR-Ⅱ (China Fast Burst Reactor Ⅱ) in Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), two pieces of NaI crystal were irradiated with the fast neutron flux of 108 cm-2, 109 cm-2, 1010 cm-2, 1011 cm-2, 1012 cm-2, 1013 cm-2, 1014 cm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy resolution was measured under each condition. ResultsThe energy resolution of NaI does not show obvious changes with the fast neutron irradiation flux upto 1014 cm-2. ConclusionThe energy resolution performance of NaI crystal does not deteriorate in fast neutron irradiation, except the strong neutron activation gamma rays. Therefore, to evaluate the lifetime of NaI crystal in a fast neutron field, a reliable lower limit can be figured out.  
        关键词：PGNAA;NaI;Fission neutron;Irradiation damage;Energy resolution   
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