最新刊期
      卷 39 ， 期 1 ， 2016
      • Dongxu LIANG,Xuying LAN,Shuai YAN,Jichao ZHANG,Aiguo LI
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010101(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010101
        摘要：Background: Automation is a trend of the hard X-ray microprobe technology e specially for the synchrotron radiation application where the beamline time is highly demanded. Purpose: In order to realize the synchronous radiation microprobe fluorescence automation scanning at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) hard X-ray microfocus beamline (BL15U1), a real-time digital image processing based method is studied and developed in this paper. Methods: The proposed system consists of a high sensitivity & high frame rate Charge Coupled Device (CCD) imaging system and a XPS motion control system. Sample alignment is integrated into the microprobe scanning functions which allow users to directly click the interested position in the image to moves the sample into the X-ray beam path. It intelligently aligns the specified point on sample surface to the X-ray beam spot. While doing the microprobe scanning, users can specify any interested region on sample surface and set the experimental scanning parameters (time range, scanning steps, and so on), then the system automatically generates a XPS motion controller configuration file for microprobe scanning, and drives the motors to implement scanning. Results: Experimental testing showed that the fluorescence mapping of standard gold mask was obtained by automation scanning and could quickly match the region of interest (ROI) on the CCD image. Conclusion: The new automatic system can improve the microprobe scanning significantly, and the software interface is much more user-friendly.  
        关键词：Synchrotron radiation;Digital CCD imaging;Microprobe fluorescence analysis;Automation scanning   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Chunxia HONG,Ping ZHOU,Yiwen LI,Jianrong ZENG,Fenggang BIAN,Jie WANG
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010102(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010102
        摘要：Background:Protein structure in solution can be studied by small-angle X-ray scattering techniques at synchrotron radiation facilities. However, the structure of protein is prone to vary as the radiation damage induced by the intense X-ray beam during the experiments.Purpose:This study aims to develop an automatic solution-sample- changing peristaltic device for biological small angle X-ray scattering experiment.Methods:The injection pump PSD/4 of Hamilton is applied to eliminate the radiation damage of protein by minimizing the X-ray irradiation time of unit volume. In addition, automatic sample-changing, retrieving and cleaning was realized by the coordinated control of PSD/4, the alignment control stage and the sample/buffer control stage. Thus the experiment efficiency is improved.Results:The scattering curves and gyration radius of lysozyme under stationary collection mode and peristaltic collection mode were measured by experiments carried out at biological small angle X-ray scattering beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). And results show that this device can prevent radiation damage of sample efficiently.Conclusion:The designed functionalities have been achieved as expected.  
        关键词：EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System);BioSAXS;CSS (Control System Studio);Radiation damage   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Guangxi WANG,Liangquan GE,Lianghong LUO,Dan LI,Wanchang LAI,Cheng CHEN
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010201(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010201
        摘要：Background:Pt-Rh alloy is widely used in industry. Therefore, it is of importance to determine the content of platinum and rhodium in Pt-Rh alloy rapidly.Purpose:This study aim is to establish a rapid and accurate analysis method for the Pt-Rh alloy measurement.Methods:Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry was applied to the measurement of platinum and rhodium in Pt-Rh alloy by setting 60 kV, 50 mA as excitation conditions, and using 100 μm brass filter, 300 μm pitch collimator, PX10 analyzer crystal and scintillation detector to measure Lαline of Pt and Kαline of Rh for analysis. In order to eliminate interference caused by sample cup mask, collimator mask of 27 mm in diameter were taken for measurement. The empirical coefficient method was used to correct matrix effect and set up calibration curves of Pt and Rh.Results:The calibration curves have better linear correlations and lessKand RMS (Root Mean Square) values. The experimental results show that the relative errors of Pt and Rh are less than 0.09% and 0.54%, the relative standard deviations are 0.11% and 0.17% (n=10), and the detection limits are 208 μg·g-1and 37 μg·g-1, respectively. The measurement time of one single sample is only 74 s. The relative errors of Pt and Rh in preparation of Pt-Rh alloy measured by this method contrast the formula values are less than 0.06% and 0.20%, respectively. The contents of Rh in samples of diluting and smelting Pt-Rh alloy are measured. Compared with the calculated value, the relative error is less than 0.29%.Conclusion:This method can meet the demand of analyzing large quantities of Pt-Rh alloy samples and provide accurate and reliable scientific data for production practice.  
        关键词：Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry;Pt-Rh alloy;Matrix effect   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Zeyi DAI,Shaopeng ZHONG,Minghua ZHAO
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010202(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010202
        摘要：Background:Disk-load waveguide travelling wave accelerator is wildly used in many areas. However, high cost and low fabrication efficiency of the accelerating tube turn out to be barriers for its widespread application.Purpose:This study aims to develop a new accelerating cavity and accelerating tube processing technology to reduce the cost and production cycle.Methods:A 3D electromagnetic-field simulation software was utilized for the calculation of the RF parameters and the optimization of the accelerating structure.Results:The results showed the concordant RF parameters were between the trap-cut accelerating cavity anddisk-load waveguide accelerating cavity, and the former was of advantage in precise tuning. Compared with traditional processing technology, cold extrusion is proved to be a more efficient process in accelerating tube manufacturing.Conclusion:A trap-cut accelerating structure combined with cold extrusion will help promote mass production of accelerating tube.  
        关键词：Accelerating tube;Trap-cut accelerating cavity;Precise tuning;Cold extruding;Mass production   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Chang LIU,Jian SHAN,Jiulin YUAN,Shili ZHONG,Detao XIAO,Xiaoxiang LIU,Yan LIU
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010401(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010401
        摘要：Background:The research on radon exhalation rate mainly focuses on the influence factors of radon exhalation rate on the media surface, while research is still lacking with respect to equilibrium radon concentrations in radon cover sets, gas flow rate and other factors affecting the measurement accuracy of radon exhalation rate.Purpose:This study aimed to explore the relationship of the open-loop air-bleed rate, equilibrium radon concentrations and radon exhalation rate through theoretical calculations and actual measurements.Methods:MATLAB was used to simulate the variations of radon concentrations with time at different air-bleed rates during the open-loop measurement of radon exhalation rate in radon cover sets. The results were further proven by experiments.Results:In the case of constant parameters in radon cover sets in the measurement of radon exhalation rate, the equilibrium concentrations of radon decreased with the increase of air-bleed rates, and the time to reach the equilibrium concentrationswas also shortened. The decrease of equilibrium concentrations of radon minimized the effect of the leakage and counter diffusion. The increase of air-bleed rates shortened the time for radon concentrations to reach equilibrium with better inlet gas uniformity in the radon cover sets.Conclusion:Reasonable parameters were obtained in this experiment with 1.94-3.0 L·min-1for air-bleed rates, 299 cm2for basal area and 1.79×10-3m3for the volume of radon cover sets.  
        关键词：Radon exhalation rate;Open-loop measurement;Air pumping flow rate;Equilibration time;Equilibrium radon concentration   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Juan ZHAO,Zhengming GAO
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010402(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010402
        摘要：Background:Location of radioactive sources based on the detectors array and automatical data processing are the basic requirements of radiation detection and monitoring system in the Internet of things projects.Purpose:This study aims for the location algorithms of the radioactive materials.Methods:Three methods, i.e., the mathematical analytical method, the mathematical statistical method and data comparison method of adjacent detectors, are investigated, and one dimensional simulation of a single gamma source in a tunnel was performed with MCNP5 software.Results:Simulation results show that the mathematical analytical method was more accurate than the data comparison method of adjacent detectors, but the detection errors varied with the choice of the coupled datum of the detectors when more detectors were applied. The mathematical statistical method required more detectors to form an array to achieve the most accurate result.Conclusion:The mathematical statistical method can be used in the location of important or large dose components.  
        关键词：Radiation detection;Detectors array;Gamma source;Location algorithm   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Yang WANG,Hua QU,Dan MO
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010501(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010501
        摘要：Background:It is well known that nuclear track membranes (NTMs) were widely used in medicine, environment and other fields. But there is no standard pore size measurement method currently. For some specific fields of application like water treatment, filtration performance of NTMs with various pore size has seldom reported.Purpose:This paper aims to investigate pore size measurement method for NTMs andevaluate the filtration performance of NTMs with various pore size.Methods:Three measurement methods i.e. measuring of the thickness, observing by optical microscope and analyzing by pore size analyzer (bubble point method), were presented and compared, NTMs with pore sizes of 2 μm and 450 nm were used in this filtration experiments. The filtration performance was also evaluated.Results and Conclusion:Experimental results show that pore size analyzer is suitable for pore size less than 1μm, with an error ratio less than 5%, whilst the optical microscope is suitable for pore of cylindrical-shape or large size (more than 3 μm) with an error ratio less than 8%. NTMs with pore size of 2μm can reduce the chromaticity and turbidity by an average of 99.12% (particle counter). NTMs with pore size of 450 nm or less can effectively separate bacteria by an average of 99.90% (particle counter) in water.  
        关键词：Nuclear track membranes;Chemical etching;Measurement methods;Filtration performance   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Yinghong ZUO,Jinhui ZHU
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010502(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010502
        摘要：Background:Radioactive nuclides contained in plutonium material will continually decay and release energy, which will change the temperature of plutonium materials and the surrounding components.Purpose:This study aims to analyze the releasing heat power of various grades plutonium materials in the process of bulk storage and transportation of plutonium.Methods:According to the isotopic quality composition of various grades plutonium, the time evolutions of decay heat power of each radioactive nuclide contained in weapons grade plutonium, reactor grade plutonium, and mixed oxide grade plutonium are obtained. And the total decay heat power of various grades plutonium as a function of time is also calculated, on the basis of the analysis of radionuclide decay cascade regulation, with the energy branching ratios during decay in the physical model taken into consideration.Results:The calculation results showed that the decay heat power varied with the grades of plutonium material. For 1-kg different grades plutonium material, the maximum decay heat power quantity is released by mixed oxide grade plutonium, while the weapons grade plutonium releases the least decay heat power quantity. The heat power released by weapons grade plutonium is mainly from239Pu, while the main heat power is from241Pu and238Pu for the reactor and mixed oxide grade plutonium material. The decay heat power released by242Pu is few compared with other nuclides for the three gradesof plutonium materials.Conclusion:The releasing decay heat power of plutonium materials can be calculated more accurately by considering the energy branching ratios.  
        关键词：Weapons grade plutonium;Reactor grade plutonium;Mixed oxide grade plutonium;Decay heat power   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Gang HUANG,Sheng SUN,Mingyan TONG,Hai WANG,Dandan SI
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010503(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010503
        摘要：Background:Dropping impact resistance property is a key characteristic for the transportation safety of transport container filled with radioactive liquid waste. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out dropping impact analysis of the transport container with the appropriate method during research and develop process.Purpose:Dropping impact analysis with appropriate method for the transport container filled with radioactive liquid waste was carried out to verify its dropping impact resistance property.Methods:Based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method coupling with finite element method, dropping impact analysis of travelling spent resin incepting device filled with radioactive liquid waste in three different ways was carried out with LS-DYNA code which was an explicit dynamic analysis software. Besides, a stress strength assessment method for the device structure based on RCC-M and other rules was proposed, and the stress strength assessment was also performed with the method.Results:The dynamic excitation, the pressure variety and the stress of the device during dropping impact process were obtained in the paper.Conclusion:Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method coupling with finite element method is suitable for solving the fluid-structure interaction question during dropping impact process for the device filled with radioactive liquid waste. Furthermore, the strength of the device satisfies the requirement in three different ways of dropping.  
        关键词：Transport container;Dropping impact;Fluid-structure interaction;Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method;Stress strength assessment   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Qun YANG,Shihe YU,Yang ZOU,Bo ZHOU,Rui YAN,Hongjie XU
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010601(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010601
        摘要：Background:The fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor which has not yet been built so far is a new international research reactor, so the selection of similar reactors with operation experience as benchmark is one important part of the applicability analysis for its reactor core nuclear design software.Purpose:This study aims to determine quantitatively the rationality of the 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled test reactor (HTR-10) and the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) to be the benchmarks for the fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor.Methods:The similarities of the fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor with HTR-10 and MSRE were analyzed with the adoption of the similarity analysis software that is often used.Results:The results show that the fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor and MSRE have a high similarity because they have the close spectrum peak energies and almost the same elements in core. The fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor and HTR-10 have the different coolant and more differences in spectrum peak energies, hence the low similarity.Conclusion:MSRE is an ideal benchmark of the reactor core nuclear design software for the fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor.  
        关键词：Fluoride salt-cooled pebble bed reactor;Nuclear design;Quantitative similarity;MSRE;HTR-10   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Xinyi PAN,Bing LAN,Chunming ZHANG,Jianping JING,Guoshun YOU
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010602(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010602
        摘要：Background:The uncertainty of nuclear data is one of the key factors resulting in the uncertainty of reactor physics calculation.Purpose:The influence of multigroup nuclear data uncertaintieson the reactor core physics calculation was studied in this paper.Methods:The stochastic sampling modular SAMP based on covariance matrix of nuclear data was developed, and the hybrid method and stochastic sampling method were realized using SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) software package. The two methods were validated using 3×3 hypothetical core and then applied to the first cycle of Almaraz pressurized-water reactor (PWR) in the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) fuel management benchmark.Results:Results of the two methods are in good agreement. The uncertainty of core effective multiplication factor is about 0.5%, and the maximum uncertainties of the radial and axial power are about 1.9% and 0.45% respectively in Almaraz PWR.Conclusion:The two-step method and stochastic sampling method can both be used for the uncertainty analysis of reactor core calculation.  
        关键词：Multigroup nuclear data;Uncertainty;SCALE;Stochastic sampling;Covariance matrix   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Yongdong ZHANG,Jun LIN,Tianbao ZHU,Haiqing ZHANG,Zhiyong ZHU
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010603(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010603
        摘要：Background:Particles coated by TRISO (Tristructural isotropic) embedded in spherical fuel elements are used in solid fuel molten salt reactor. Temperature distribution during operation can affect the failure probability of TRISO particles embedded in different parts of fuel elements.Purpose:This study aims to investigate the temperature distribution effects on failure probability of coated fuel particles.Methods:Micro-volume element analysis of temperature distribution effect on the failure probability of coated particles was carried out for the first time, and the impact of spherical fuel element size on the average failure probability of TRISO particles was also evaluated.Results:At a given power density, the failure probability of TRISO particles would be deviated by an order of magnitude when either core temperature or average temperature of the fuel element was used to calculate the average failure probability. With the same power density and the same burnups, the average failure probability of coated particles could be lowered by two orders of magnitude through reducing the diameter of fuel element by 1 cm.Conclusion:It is necessary to take the temperature distribution into account for calculating the failure probability of coated fuel particles. In addition, it is found that the average failure probability of coated fuel particles can be lowered by reducing the sizes of the fuel element. This may be a proper way to secure the fuel elements working at high power densities.  
        关键词：Fuel elements;TRISO particles;Temperature distribution;Failure probability   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Sijun FAN,Lei WU,Zhongying LIU,Jian YAO,Jifei MA,Yulan LI,Huiqi HOU,Leidong XIE,Kun CHEN
        Vol. 39, Issue 1, Article number: 010604(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.010604
        摘要：Background:LiF-BeF2is used as coolants for Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR). The offgas from TMSR containing beryllium which is harmful to both human health and the environment must be purified before being discharged.Purpose:A new type wet duster-ultrasonic atomization-impinging stream foam towerwas developed.Methods:The beryllium removal properties were investigated by sampling according to national standards. The increase of atomization amount is helpful for improving beryllium removal efficiency.Results:In order to control the absolute humidity offgas after purification, the optimal atomization amount is set at 80 mL·min-1. The ultrasonic humidifier should be installed 3 m away from the foam tower. Particles with diameter bigger than 0.4μm can be removed effectively. The beryllium removal efficiency of offgas increases with the initial beryllium concentration and the offgas velocity which is optimized at 12 m·s-1. The optimal water level in the tower is 40 cm when the offgas velocity is 12 m·s-1.Conclusion:The results indicate that ultrasonic atomization-impinging stream foam tower is suitable for purifying offgas containing beryllium in TMSR.  
        关键词：Ultrasonic atomization;Foam capture;Beryllium removal efficiency;Absolute humidity;Particle size   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
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