最新刊期
      卷 42 ， 期 2 ， 2019

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在矿物学领域，科学家利用同步辐射光源和金刚石对顶砧技术，对磷氯铅矿和砷铅矿进行了原位高压单晶X射线衍射研究，揭示了其在高压下的晶体结构变化，为理解类质同象磷酸盐矿物的物理性质提供了重要数据。”
        CHEN Xi,XU Xun,QIN Fei,LIU Yingxin
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020101
        摘要：BackgroundPyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] and mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl] are phosphate minerals with a typical apatite structure [A5(BO4)3X], which have many substitutions of both metal cations and anionic complexes. Therefore, it is important to figure out the effect of substitutions of different elements on compressibility by studying their high pressure structures.PurposeThis study aims to reveal the crystal structure and compressibility of the natural pyromorphite and mimetite under high pressure.MethodsHigh pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] and mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl] were performed with the pressure up to 11.51 GPa at ambient temperature. Both the in-situ high pressure synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and diamond anvil cell were applied to the experimental tests.ResultsNo phase transition of pyromorphite and mimetite was observed within the experimental pressure range. The P-V data was fitted by the third-order Birch-Murnaghan Equations of State (BM-EoS), where K0=52.3(17) GPa, V0=0.638 4(5) nm3, K0'=8.9(6) for pyromorphite and K0=87.4(37) GPa, V0=0.673 3(7) nm3, K0'=1.2(6) for mimetite.ConclusionThe substitutions of B in BO4 tetrahedron have little effects on its cell parameters and bulk modulus, but have great influences on the axial compressibility.  
        关键词：Pyromorphite;Mimetite;Synchrotron radiation;High pressure;Structure   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        ACCELERATOR, RAY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在加速器驱动次临界反应堆系统领域，中国科学家设计了新型滑轮式前向功率耦合器，结构简单，低温下运行稳定，空间利用率高，满足工程内各种腔型测试要求。”
        LIU Lubei,LI Chunlong,YU Peiyan,WANG Fengfeng,YUAN Chenzhang,HE Yuan,ZHANG Shenghu,ZHANG Bin
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020201
        摘要：BackgroundThe 25 MeV superconducting linac is a pre-research device of the China initiative accelerator driven system (CiADS), which includes a normal temperature front end, a superconducting acceleration section and a high-energy beam transmission line. The beam energy is 2.1 MeV at the normal-temperature front-end exit, and after the superconducting acceleration section, the proton beam is accelerated to 25 MeV. In this pre-exploration device, the superconducting cavity is the core accelerating component of the entire accelerator whilst the forward power coupler is an important part of it. So far, most of the design of forward power couplers in China adopt drawbar structure which has a simple structure and stable operation at low temperature (4 K), but the space utilization rate is low and not universal.PurposeThis study aims to develop a new forward power coupler to replace the drawbar structure forward power couplers.MethodsThe characteristics of the multi-cavity type of 25 MeV superconducting linear accelerator was analyzed, a pulley-type forward power coupler structure with simple structure, and low temperature stability was designed and developed. The internal application of the project showed its high space utilization, suitability for various cavity types, and good universality.ResultsThis type of forward power coupler has been used to test the cavities of 25 MeV superconducting linac. The test results show that the structure meets the engineering test requirements.ConclusionThe pulley structure can be applied to different types of cavity.  
        关键词：CiADS;Superconducting cavity;Forward power coupler;Pulley structure;Universility   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在电子加速器领域，专家设计了基于PLC的电子枪控制系统，实现了稳定高效的直流电子束引出。”
        LIAO Yongqi,WANG Shengli,GUO Honglei,LI Deming
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020202
        摘要：BackgroundTungsten wire cathode thermal emission electron gun is adopted for the high frequency and high voltage electron accelerator and beamline project, but no commercial control system is available for this kind of electronic gun.PurposeThis study aims to design and implement the control system of the Tungsten cathode thermal radiation electron gun for "1.2 MeV/10 mA high frequency and high voltage electron accelerator and beam line" project.MethodsBased on understanding the composition and working principle of the system, the tripole flat-plate thermal cathode was employed in the electron gun that adopted tungsten wire as the cathode material. The filament heating power was supplied by the generator, and the extraction voltage was obtained by the partial voltage of the accelerating tube electrode. Its control system was designed and implemented by using programmable logic controller (PLC) while the general software LabVIEW was used in the host computer, and communication between host computer and PLC was achieved via the Object Linking and Embedding for process control (OPC) interface.ResultsExperimental results showed that the direct current electron beam in the range of 1 μA~50 mA was produced from this designed electron gun which could be controlled by the host computer.ConclusionAs a device controller in the control system, the PLC together with LabVIEW programming in host computer can achieve reliable, flexible and efficient control of electron gun through OPC) interface.  
        关键词：Electron gun control system;PLC;OPC;LabVIEW   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • “在环境治理领域，研究人员通过静态吸附实验，发现高庙子膨润土对铀的吸附效果显著，为铀污染治理提供新思路。”
        DU Zuoyong,WANG Yanhui,LI Dongrui,TUO Xianguo
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020301
        摘要：BackgroundThe research on the disposal of clay rock in high-level waste is still in the initial stage, and little attention has been paid to the migration mechanism of nuclide in clay rock treatment system in previous work.PurposeThis study aims at the adsorption behavior of U(Ⅵ) in Gaomiaozi bentonite and provide reference for the safety evaluation system of high level waste disposal storehouse.MethodsThe sorption behavior of U(Ⅵ) on Gaomiaozi bentonite was studied as a function of adsorption time, solid-to-liquid ratio, initial concentration of U(Ⅵ), pH value, the type of ionic species and ionic concentration by the static experimental method. Both scanning elextron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer were employed to experimental observation.The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic of U(Ⅵ) in bentonite was discussed.ResultsExperimental results showed that the equilibrium time of U(Ⅵ) sorption on bentonite was about 24 h. The optimum adsorption ratio was 1:300. The optimum initial concentration was 40 mg·L-1. When the pH value was 5, the ability of absorption reaches the best, the acid or alkaloid would affect the adsorption of bentonite on U(VI). Ca2+ and CO32- in solution significantly reduce the adsorption of U(VI) by bentonite, and the degree of influence increaseds with the increase of ion concentration.ConclusionsThe sorption isotherm of U(Ⅵ) can be simulated very well using the Freundlich and follow the quasi-2nd order kinetic equation, indicating that the adsorption is a multi-layer adsorption model.  
        关键词：Bentonite;U(Ⅵ);Adsorption;Dynamics model;Thermodynamic model   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • “在核物理探测领域，研究人员开发了数字式反康普顿高纯锗γ谱仪，有效抑制康普顿散射本底，提高系统能量分辨率。”
        ZENG Guoqiang,QING Song,OUYANG Xiaoping,YAN Lei,BAI Tao,SHI Quanlin,ZHANG Xiaolin,DAI Yihua,HU Chuanhao,HE Li
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020401
        摘要：BackgroundThe existing anti-Compton high-purity germanium spectrometors mainly use analog circuits to realize multi-channel anti-coincidence and suppression of the Compton scattering background. Due to the high complexity of analog circuits, the debugging is not easy, and the temperature stability and flexibility are insufficient. Conditional changing caused by the delay in the long-term operation leads to the degradation of anti-Campton effect, and even failure of normal work in severe cases.PurposeThis study aims to develop a digital anti-Compton high-purity germanium spectrometer based on time-stamped list mode.MethodsThe spectrometer combines high-purity germanium detector, ring-shaped detector and plug coincidence detector. Every incident event information of the detector (arrival time, energy, detector ID, etc.) is sent to the computer as an independent data packet, and the resolution curve is drawn automatically by the host computer software to determine the optimal resolution window τ value, and the original high-purity germanium energy spectrum is obtained in real time, and the anti-Compton high purity germanium energy spectrum, anti-Compton spectrum, coincidence resolution curve. A 200 MHz synchronous clock is employed to time-stamp each event data packet to ensure the time synchronization accuracy of 5 ns and meet the anti-Compton requirements of the high-purity germanium spectrometer. Instead of the traditional trapezoidal forming, the symmetrical zero-area trapezoidal forming method is used to realize fast and slow forming dual channels inside the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip to achieve excellent low-frequency noise suppression and baseline estimation. For the large-volume high-purity germanium detector, a correction algorithms of rise time and multi-point energy deposition correction are developed, which effectively improve the system energy resolution. The SQLite fast database is employed to store the event data packets of all the detectors to realize the effect of one measurement and repeated use.ResultsThe Compton reduction factor of this system reaches 9.8, the peak-to-Compton ratio can reach 1 158:1, and the all-energy peak full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 60Co's 1 332.5 keV is 1.70 keV (relative detection efficiency is 60%). The integral background was reduce from 1.674 s-1 (before anti-Compton) to 0.483 s-1 (after anti-Compton). The minimum detection activity (MDA) of 137Cs at 1.2 h was reduced from 20.5 mBq before anti-Compton to 11.3 mBq after anti-Compton.ConclusionThis proposed scheme of anti-Compton spectrometer avoids the waste of repeated measurement time caused by parameter adjustment, and embodies the advantages of list-mode digital measurement design.  
        关键词：Symmetric zero-area trapezoidal shaping;Digital anti-Compton high-purity germanium spectrometer;Amplitude rising time compensation timing discriminator;Time-stamped list mode;Multi-site energy deposition correction   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在高纯锗探测器领域，专家提出了一种新的探测效率刻度方法，验证了157Gd冷中子瞬发γ源的替代效果，为探测器效率校准提供了新方案。”
        YUN Weixu,XIAO Caijin,YAO Yonggang,YANG Junkai,SHI Cong,LIU Xudong,TANG Chanjuan,NI Bangfa,FANG Fang
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020402
        摘要：BackgroundThe prompt gamma neutron activation analysis involves a gamma ray efficiency scale of the high purity germanium (HPGe) detector in the 0.1~11 MeV wide energy region that can be used to calibrate the detection efficiency when the low energy standard source is unavailable.PurposeThis paper aims to obtain the key technical indicators of HPGe detectors, to determine the relative efficiency curve under limited condition.MethodsA 157Gd(n,γ) source was employed to replace low energy standard source. Combined with 35Cl(n,γ) cold neutron prompt source and 152Eu delayed source, efficiency grading was carried out by using both piecewise fitting and global fitting methods. The fitting effect of 157Gd(n,γ) source was compared with that of 152Eu source.ResultsThe experimental results show that the calculation of integral global fitting is relatively simple, but the data obtained by piecewise fitting is more accurate and have better correlation, hence better result of piecewise fitting is achieved with comparison of global polynomial fitting. The use of the 157Gd(n,γ) source worked well without the low energy standard source such as 22Na, 54Mn, 133Ba, and the production efficiency calibration curve of HPGe detector was completed.ConclusionThe piecewise logarithmic fitting method can be used to calibrate the detection efficiency of the all-energy peak in the wide-energy region of the electric refrigeration HPGe detector by using 157Gd(n,γ) source, which laid a solid foundation for future experiments such as neutron activation.  
        关键词：Wide energy efficiency calibration;Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis;Electro-mechanical cooler for high purity germanium detector   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “广东省环境辐射监测中心研发新型水中氚电解浓集仪，大幅提高低水平氚测量能力，可应用于环保、地质水文、海洋、卫生、核电等领域。”
        CHEN Wentao,ZHOU Ruidong,LIN Qing,WANG Jiayue,DENG Fei,LI Qiaoqin
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020403
        摘要：BackgroundThe 3H activity concentration of most water samples in environment is lower than the detection limit of commonly used liquid scintillation measurement method. In order to measure the 3H activity concentration accurately, we need to enrich tritium from water sample.PurposeThis study aims to develop an electrolytic enrichment instrument to meet the needs of daily environmental tritium analysis work.MethodsFirst of all, influence factors of tritium in electrolytic concentration process were analyzed, then a new solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolytic enrichment instrument was developed on the basis of the research and design of key components at Guangdong environmental radiation monitoring center (GERC). Finally, a series of experiments have been carried out on its comprehensive performance and the patent of the instrument has been obtained by GERC.ResultsAfter electrolytic enrichment, the detection limit of tritium in 700 mL water sample can be reduced to 0.09 Bq∙L-1, more than 10 times lower than that before enrichment, hence greatly improves the tritium detection capability.ConclusionThis instrument has features of stable performance, long life, good safety, high electrolytic efficiency, high enrichment multiple, accurate control and good experience, it can be used in environmental protection, geology, hydrology, ocean, health, nuclear power and other fields.  
        关键词：Tritium;Electrolytic enrichment;Develop;Solid polymer electrolyte   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在核辐射检测领域，专家提出了一种新型实时单阈值峰值检测方法，为系统优化和光子成像应用提供基础。”
        YUAN Yuan,ZHANG Liuqiang,LUO Xiaoli,LI Yinglin
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020404
        摘要：BackgroundMost real-time peak detection algorithms are based on double threshold which have two,defects: 1) pulse near the threshold line can not be detected well; 2) the peak output point is unstable.PurposeThis study aims to overcome the disadvantage of double threshold peak detection algorithm by proposing a new real-time peak detection method based on single threshold.MethodsSingle threshold detection method is implemented in field programmable gate array by using state machine. Three states, i.e., seeking the minimum state, seeking the maximum state and peak output state, can be switched randomly. The 241Am radiation source was taken as an example to measure the energy spectra under different thresholds. The optimal threshold was selected by comparing the spectrum of different thresholds, and the components of the spectrum were determined by comparing the noise peak to the signal peak. and the output peak is stable.ResultsThree main photon energy intensities of 241Am were verified by using this method to determine the composition of each peak of the energy spectrum.ConclusionSingle threshold method can improve the shortcoming of double threshold algorithm, and has good application in energy spectrum measurement.  
        关键词：Real-time peak detection;Single threshold;State machine method;Energy spectrum analysis;FPGA   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • “科技媒体新闻记者报道：最新研制的4H-SiC探测器，具有优异的能量线性响应和快时间响应，为强激光等离子体反应产物的离子诊断和能量测量提供有力工具。”
        FU Haijuan,WANG Linjun,WANG Hongwei,CAO Xiguang,LIU Longxiang,FAN Gongtao,MA Yugang,XUE Han,ZHANG Yue,HU Xinrong
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020501
        摘要：BackgroundIn laser plasma nuclear physics experiments, products can be measured by pulse shape recording, time-of-flight (TOF) particle discrimination and pulse count rate measurements. However, high-radiation background caused by the strong laser makes strict requirements for detectors.PurposeThis study aims to develop a 4H-SiC detector for laser plasma products TOF measurement in a high-radiation environment laser field and should detect many particle types with large energy dynamic range and fast time response conditions.MethodsA new type of TOF 4H-SiC detector was developed using printed circuit board (PCB) board packaging technology with a sensitive thickness of 80 μm and direct waveform digital reading. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate its performance in particle types detection with large energy dynamic range and fast time response conditions.ResultsThe energy resolution was 1.19%@7 666.75 keV at 350~600 V full depletion voltage with standard α source (228Th, 226Ra).ConclusionThe detector can work well in high intensity laser field with good characters of fast time response 2~3 ns and TOF particle discrimination.  
        关键词：4H-SiC detector;Waveform digitizer;Energy resolution;TOF   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在核装置粒子输运模拟领域，专家提出了基于自适应分段树的源粒子可视化分析方法，为高保真建模提供便利。”
        CAO Pei,LONG Pengcheng,GAN Quan,WU Bin,HAO Lijuan
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020502
        摘要：BackgroundThe high-fidelity particle transport numerical simulation for nuclear facility requires accurate and efficient source particles distribution.PurposeThis study focuses on reviewing and analyzing the distribution feature of source particles intuitively in nuclear facility and presents a visual analysis method for source particles.MethodsBased on self-adaptive segmented tree and pre-build geometry library, the features of geometry and rendering attributes were extracted to dynamically create the segmented trees. Then, over million source particles were shown in the form of two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization. Finally, this method was verified on neutron source modeling and neutron collimation device design for shielding analysis of VENUS-3 reactor.ResultsThe results show that the proposed method is helpful for users to complete high fidelity modeling and the design and optimization of nuclear facilities.ConclusionTo a certain extent, it can improve the efficiency and correctness of modeling during the procedure of calculation.  
        关键词：Nuclear devices;Transport simulation;Source particles visualization;Self-adaptive segmented tree   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • “在核电安全领域，专家基于MAAP4.0.3程序，建立了百万千瓦级PWR核电机组模型，研究了热管段破口事故叠加安注失效的严重事故过程，并探讨了有效的缓解措施。研究结果表明，破口面积越大，压力容器失效越早，MCCI过程中氢气产量越大；尽早投入安全注射系统可有效缓解事故进程，避免压力容器失效。”
        LIU Peiqi,ZHAO Pengcheng,YU Tao,XIE Jinsen,CHEN Zhenping,XIE Chao,LIU Zijing,ZENG Wenjie
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020601
        摘要：BackgroundSerious accidents refer to a series of processes in which the nuclear reactor core cooling loss and fuel widespread failure threaten or damage the integrity of the pressure vessel or containment of a nuclear power plant and may cause leakage of radioactive material.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the influence of break size on the loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) in pressurized-water reactor (PWR).MethodsA typical million-kilowatt PWR unit model in active serving nuclear power plant (NPP) in China was built based on MAAP4.0.3 (Modular Accident Analysis Program). Comparison with different crevasse size LOCA were performed by MAAP code to analyze the accident process. Besides, LOCA with different time to inject cooling water was also simulated to evaluate the mitigation measures.ResultsResults show that in the process of LOCA without safety injection system, under the same other conditions, the larger the crack is, the faster the pressure vessel will fail and the more hydrogen will be produced. During the serious accidents, high head safe injection has little effect on the primary loop pressure. And input safety injection system manually or automatically can protect the integrity of the reactor vessel and prevent producing hydrogen.ConclusionThe LOCA case with large crevasse can cause more severe rector core damaged. Meanwhile, it is important to inject water into the reactor core at an appropriate time to prevent the severe accident process effectively.  
        关键词：MAAP;LOCA;Pressurized-water reactor;Mitigation measures   
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      • “在核聚变领域，射频离子源取代传统热阴极离子源成趋势，为东方超环长脉冲高功率加热提供理论基础。”
        ZHANG Li,XU Yongjian,XIE Yahong,WEI Jianglong,LIANG Lizhen,HU Chundong
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020602
        摘要：BackgroundNeutral beam injection heating is a very important auxiliary heating method in nuclear method in nuclear fusion. The high current ion source is one of the key components of neutral beam injector. Its performance determines the achievable goals of the NBI for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST).PurposeThis study aims at the fundamental physical characteristics of radio frequency plasma discharge by simulating the discharge of radio frequency (RF) ion source.MethodsThe structure design and discharge characteristics of radio frequency ion source were simulated theoretically. Two-dimensional inductively coupled plasma model was used to simulate the RF ion source. The relationship between turns of coil, turn space, size of driver, air pressure, RF power and the discharge characteristics was analyzed.ResultsThe simulation results gave the optimal parameters of the RF ion source for EAST NBI that can meet the future needs of long pulse operation and the future demands of high energy ion source of NBI.ConclusionsThe simulation results lay a foundation for the development and experimental study of RF ion source.  
        关键词：Neutral beam injection;RF ion source;Theoretical simulation;Discharge characteristics   
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      • “在核能领域，专家基于MCNP程序，研究了熔盐堆堆芯结构变化对反应性的影响，为TMSR-LF1安全分析提供参考。”
        YU Shihe,LIU Yafen,YANG Pu,JI Ruimin,ZHU Guifeng,ZHOU Bo,KANG Xuzhong,YAN Rui,ZOU Yang
        Vol. 42, Issue 2, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.020603
        摘要：BackgroundLiquid fuel is used in the molten salt reactor, altering core structure will cause direct change of fuel salt loading and affect the physical parameters of the reactor core duel to flowing fuel.PurposeThis study aims at the influence of core structure changes on reactivity.MethodsThe 2 MW thorium molten salt reactor-liquid fuel (TMSR-LF1) model was taken as the reference reactor, and the reactivity varitions were calculated by using MCNP (Monte Carlo N particle transport code) with consideration of parameter changes caused by channel tube rupture, graphite component movement, graphite damage, and fuel salt penetration.ResultsComputational results reveal that casing rupture leads to positive reactivity in reactor core, the closer the rupture location is to the core center, the greater the reactivity is introduced. When the graphite component moves outward, the reactivity of the reactor core increases. When core graphite is damaged, decrease of the reactivity appears in the case of the original fuel salt channel blocked by graphite. In the case of new fuel salt channel formed through the damaged graphite the reactivity will increase when the graphite damage radius is small, and decrease when the graphite damage radius is large. The permeability of fuel salts in the core increases reactivity, and the greater the permeability of fuel salts, the greater the impact on reactivity.ConclusionsThis study provides a basic reference for safety analysis of 2 MW TMSR-LF1.  
        关键词：Molten salt reactor;TMSR;Core structure;Reactivity   
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