最新刊期
      卷 41 ， 期 3 ， 2018

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Jian HU,Xingwei SHI,Lei LEI,Chao XU,Lijing WEN,Xuedong QIAO
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030602(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030602
        摘要：BackgroundThe cooling liquid film is very important during the depressurization and cooling down process of the passive containment cooling system (PCS) which is part of the passive reactor safety design. PurposeThis study aims to analyze the main heat transfer phenomenon in PCS overall response process during loss of coolant accident (LOCA) accident and to verify the design liquid film coverage safety margin. MethodsThe calculating model of integral test facility and PCS prototype were established respectively using passive containment safety analysis code. Based on scaling analysis, the ∏ (similarity number) related to heat transfer in containment and the ∏ ratio between test facility and prototype were obtained in both base and severe accident condition. The importance degrees of different heat transfer modes affecting the containment cooled down were compared, and the heat transfer distortion was assessed. ResultsAfter the cooling liquid film was established, the break energy was mainly carried out by steam condensation inner shell and the liquid evaporation outer shell. The condensation and evaporation phenomenon was simulated accurately in the containment integral test. ConclusionSince the energy absorbed by heat sinks is tiny, its relatively large heat transfer distortion could be neglected. The assessment of heat transfer phenomenon scaling distortion show that the integral test facility could simulate heat transfer process of PCS prototype in low liquid film coverage condition effectively.  
        关键词：PCS;Liquid film coverage;Scaling analysis;Heat transfer phenomenon;Distortion assessment   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Ruiying WANG,Wendong FENG,Shaowei WANG,Quanyi LIN,Wenting LI
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030603(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030603
        摘要：BackgroundThe nuclear accident consequence prediction and assessment decision system (NACPADS) is developed by Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China for quick and accurate evaluation of the consequences of nuclear accidents. PurposeThis study aims to assess and analyze the radioactive effect in accident scene for nuclear power plant accident emergency exercise in China. MethodsThree modules, i.e., fine evaluation, rapid evaluation, and dose estimation based on radiation monitoring results, are implemented in NACPADS. The detailed evaluation module possesses funtionalities of the source input, meteorological, atmospheric diffusion and dose calculation, protection action and its consequence calculation etc., thus can be used to give detailed evaluation results. The rapid evaluation module is possessed of simple atmospheric diffusion and dose calculation for quick and simple evaluation results. According to the radiation monitoring results, the dose module is designed for dose calculation using field radiation monitoring data. ResultsThe calculation results showed that NACPADS was suitable for early consequence assessment of nuclear accidents. ConclusionNACPADS can quickly provide emergency protection actions such as concealment, evacuation and iodine, and provide necessary support for the emergency decision-making of China's nuclear safety regulators.  
        关键词：NACPADS;Nuclear accident;Consequence evaluation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Zhaoqing LIU,Zelong ZHAO,Yongwei YANG,Shuang HONG,Haiyan MENG
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030604(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030604
        摘要：BackgroundAccelerator driven sub-critical system (ADS) devices use independent loops to cool liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) spallation targets, spallations produced by the high-energy proton beam irradiating target will continue releasing photons after entering the flow pipe, which may cause radiation damage to the workers nearby the flow pipe. PurposeThis study aims to obtain the radiation dose equivalent produced by the photons and select the appropriate shielding scheme. MethodsAccumulative yield of spallation products of a typical Y-type LBE with window target was calculated using the high-energy particle transport program Fluka. The radioactive decay calculation program Origen2 was employed to calculate the photon intensity and population energy spectrum of the spallation product. Then the shielding of flow pipe was assessed by Fluka. ResultsThe flow pipe wall should be thickened by 20 cm using lead as the shielding materials according to the GB18871-2002 national standard which requires occupational radioactive workers' annual dose equivalent limit of 20 mSv. ConclusionThis work provides reference for shielding design of loop of LBE windowed target of ADS.  
        关键词：ADS;LBE flow pipe;Shielding calculation;FLUKA;ORIGEN2   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Hao SHEN,Jinbiao XIONG,Xu CHENG
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030601(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030601
        摘要：BackgroundThe rod bundle is the most common geometric structure of nuclear fuel assembly which is the core component of nuclear reactor. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as an auxiliary tool, is widely used in the flow analysis of rod bundles, but there is no unanimous CFD application method, nor the best practices guideline. As a result, the CFD simulation credibility is controversial. Meanwhile, CFD analysis is based on the certain geometry and boundary conditions, while large uncertainty exists in the physical conditions, which will challenge the credibility of the simulation results. PurposeThis study aims to find a new method to do the uncertainty quantification of the CFD simulation for the flow analysis of rod bundles. MethodsConsidering the fact that traditional uncertain analysis methods, such as Monte Carlo sampling, are not applicable to the uncertainty analysis of CFD because of its huge amount of calculation, the first step was to sum up the best practice method of CFD on the single-phase rod bundle flow, based on the analysis of grid, turbulence model and wall treatment. Thereafter, the sensitivity coefficient method was used to analyze the influence of wall function uncertainty in the prediction of pressure drop. ResultsThe simulation results show that the forecast uncertainty for pressure drop is 3.2%. ConclusionThe best practice method of CFD combined with the sensitivity coefficient method can be used to analyze the uncertainty quantification of the CFD simulation the flow analysis of rod bundles.  
        关键词：Rod bundle flow;CFD;Uncertainty quantification   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Gencan ZHANG,Geyang JIANG,Deming LI,Yonghao LIU
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030402(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030402
        摘要：BackgroundRemote control and monitor system of the proton injector is a key component to guarantee stable beam current output for proton therapy facility, hence building such a system is important to the remote control and debug for Shanghai advanced proton therapy (SAPT) demonstrating facility. PurposeThis study aims to realize the remote control of proton injector and access the remote control system of the proton injector to the control system of SAPT based on experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS). MethodsAccording to the network communication protocol of the proton injector, Python programing language was applied to implement the remote control system of the proton injector under the Linux system. Meanwhile, Python toolkit PCASpy was adopted to access it to the control system of SAPT based on EPICS. Results & ConclusionWorking parameters of proton injector can be obtained and modified remotely by this remote control system of the proton injector, it provides a fundamental framework for remote intelligent debugging of the SAPT and monitor the status of the proton injector.  
        关键词：Proton injector;Python;Remote control system;EPICS   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Xuemei ZHOU,Guimin LIU,Yongzhong CHEN
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030401(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030401
        摘要：BackgroundThe mobile radioactive gas monitor responses differently to gamma rays at different energies. PurposeThis study aims to accurately measure the dose of gamma radiation monitor by means of compensation for energy response. MethodsEnergy responses of NaI(Tl) crystals in the monitor in different lead-hole models were simulated using Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP) software. Various sizes of shielding lead hole were selected to compare the standard deviations of different models, and the optimum size of shielding lead hole was obtained. Results & ConclusionThe simulation result shows that the energy response of monitor is best compensated when the radius of hole is 3.0 cm and thickness of shielding lead is 0.5 cm.  
        关键词：Mobile radioactive gas monitor;MCNP;Energy response compensation;Lead shield   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Shan HUANG,Songqing TAN,Rui LI
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030104(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030104
        摘要：BackgroundShanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is an advanced third-generation synchrotron radiation electron accelerator, it requires the magnetic field of long-term stability and high-accuracy. Hence the accelerator power supply is requested to keep the exciting current stable. PurposeThis study aims to propose a dynamic current compensating method based on the load side of magnet to solve the problem of abrupt current caused by power grid voltage drop. MethodsBand-pass filter was applied to the extraction of the abrupt current waveform, and the opposite polarity with the abrupt current was generated by real-time computation of the proportional integral (PI) controller. The compensator compensates the abrupt current by paralleling this opposite polarity current to inhibit the abrupt current at load side. ResultsSimulation and experiment results showed that the above-mentioned method has obvious effect for inhibition of abrupt current on load side. ConclusionThe compensator is proved to be practical in restraining abrupt current.  
        关键词：Accelerator power supply;Abrupt current;Bandpass filtering;PI control   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Qinglin YU,Meng ZHANG,Duan GU,Minghua ZHAO
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030103(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030103
        摘要：BackgroundPhase space is an important parameter to describe the beam transmission, and it is of great importance to measure the phase space distribution experimentally in linear accelerator (LINAC) commissioning. Computer tomography technology has been used in many accelerators to characterize the phase space of an electron beam in recent years. PurposeThis study aims to measure two-dimensional distribution of phase space by reconstruction technology for high-brightness electron beam. MethodsMaximum entropy (MENT) algorithm and filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm were combined with computer tomography technology and normalized phase space theory to reconstruct the normalized phase space of the beam. Then transformed the normalized phase space to real phase space with experimental verification at special beam insertion (BI1) of Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser facility (SXFEL). ResultsThe results from FBP algorithm and MENT algorithm were compared, and the latter showed better performance than the former. The emittance and Twiss parameters calculated by reconstructed phase space were very close to the values obtained by quadrupole scan method. ConclusionThe experimental results show that computer tomography technology with MENT algorithm can reconstruct the beam phase space exactly.  
        关键词：Normalized phase space;Phase space reconstruction;MENT algorithm;SXFEL   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Jiahua CHEN,Zhongmin XU,Xiangjun ZHEN,Song XUE
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030101(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030101
        摘要：BackgroundRotation mechanism of the toroidal mirror is a main part of the grating monochromator system, which is a key equipment of the soft X-ray spectromicroscopy beamline. Flux stabilization is essential to every experiment. However, a long stabilization time exceeding 2 h causes a serious waste of beamline time. PurposeThis study aims to reduce the flux stabilization time of grating monochromator system by optimized design of rotation mechanism of the toroidal mirror. MethodsBy analyzing the temperature increase of the toroidal mirror (TM), the total linear thermal expansion along the bar direction is calculated to be 0.97 μm after 2 h, which causes a 141 μm horizontal deviation of the focusing spot from the exit slit center while the horizontal size of the slit is only 50 μm. Hence the rotation of the sin-bar mechanism is caused by the absorption heat load of TM with continuous change of incidence angle, which is the main reason of the flux drift. This problem could be solved by adding an indirect water cooling system on both sides of the TM. ResultsThe flux stabilization time has been reduced to about 30 min from more than 2 h after adding the cooling system. ConclusionThe experiment result shows that the optimized design for reducing the flux stabilization time is feasible and effective, and the efficiency of the beamline could be improved greatly.  
        关键词：Grating monochromator system;Toroidal mirror;Flux drift;Linear thermal expansion;Indirect water cooling   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Zilong ZHAO,Huichao XU,Peirong GONG
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030102(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030102
        摘要：BackgroundShanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF) is an advanced 3rd generation light source. It is the largest scientific experiment platform so far in China with 16 beamlines running experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS). There are more than 1000 sensors mounted on each beamline, previous data management and query system based on the Channel Archiver of EPICS cannot be conveniently utilized for operation. PurposeThis study aims to implement a fast, stable and convenient data storage and query system for all 16 beamlines at SSRF. MethodsArchiver Appliance was used to replace Channel Archiver in the EPICS-based data management and query system, JavaScript object notation (JSON) interface provided by Archiver Appliance was applied to the design of Web-based data management and query system. Results & ConclusionThe newly designed system makes it sutiable for both the administrator to manage and query the data in a classified way, and users to query the history data conveniently and efficiently, and also get the data report.  
        关键词：SSRF;EPICS;Archiver Appliance;JSON;Web service   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Xingbin ZHOU,Yongsong ZHAO,Haitao FANG,Qin ZENG,Hongli CHEN
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030502(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030502
        摘要：BackgroundIn the accelerator driven sub-critical systems (ADS), the energy of spallation neutron source can reach hundreds of MeV or even GeV, and the distribution of energy spectrum is very complex. The existing working nuclear date libraries cannot meet its calculation requirements. The traditional methods of creating nuclear library are too much artificial intervention, time-consuming, cumbersome and error-prone. PurposeThe study aims to develop a nuclear data library that satisfies the requirements of ADS systems design and analysis. MethodsA multi-temperature library automatic generation program was developed to auto-generate a neutron nuclear date library ANDL-ADS (Auto-generated Nuclear Date Library for ADS) in both the point-wise date ACE format and the 471-group MATXS format according to the preset parameters. ResultsThe reliability of ANDL-ADS is preliminarily verified by testing benchmark examples of criticality, leakage integral and high energy shielding. ConclusionPreliminary tests have been carried out on ANDL-ADS. Further benchmark tests and comprehensive applications are required to verify the reliability of cross sectional data fully.  
        关键词：ADS;Automatic generation;Nuclear library;Criticality;Shield;Validation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Jie TAN,Peng ZHANG
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030501(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030501
        摘要：BackgroundIt is very important to trace fuel concentration changing with high precision and efficiency in the current core simulation calculations, where an essential part is to solve depletion equations precisely. PurposeThis study aims to solve point-core depletion equations in different sizes with various methods and find out the characteristics of these methods by a self-programming burnup module. MethodsFour methods including Chebyshev rational approximation method (CRAM), Padé approximation method, Krylov Subspace method and transmutation trajectory analysis (TTA) were used to realize burnup calculations and comparative analysis with the results by CRAM with 16 orders in high precision for different-scale burnup systems. ResultsThe results suggested that CRAM could provide very accurate solutions in a very short computing time, and the higher the coefficient order, the higher the precision and step stability. Padé approximation method could get accurate results affected marginally by step length with double precision in small and medium systems quickly, but high precision computation should be adopted for large systems while little affected by step length. Krylov Subspace method had accurate solutions in small and medium systems with double floats. However, it can't be applied to large cases. TTA was applicable to burnup equations at any scale with a weak accuracy and a slower speed because of linear chain simplification. ConclusionThe four methods can be adapted to the depletion calculations of the cores in different cases, and the responding results can be treated as reference for the development and application of different burnup calculation systems.  
        关键词：Depletion;CRAM;Padé approximation method;Krylov Subspace method;TTA   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Binrong WANG,Yanhua YOU,Xiaoli YANG,Haiyun HU
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030202(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030202
        摘要：BackgroundLow-energy ion implantation is a new biological mutation source possessing the characteristics of high mutation rate and light damage, which extends the ion beam bio-engineering. PurposeThis paper aims to study the depth of ion implantation in seeds by making better use of ion beam for bio-engineering. MethodsConsidering the size of the void volume, a non-equilibrium statistical theory model was proposed for easy analysis of the penetrating process. The dynamic penetrating process was studied by combining the range theory model of the collision and the non-equilibrium statistical theory model of low-energy ion implanting into plant seeds. Probability density function of penetrating depth was deduced by solving the Fokker-Planck function which is equivalent to the general Langevin equation. ResultsThe average penetrating depth of nitrogen ions at projectile energy of 30 keV in brown rice seeds was calculated, and the influence of the cavity inside the seeds on the penetrating depth of ions was analyzed by comparison. ConclusionThe existence of the cavity inside the plant seeds is an important reason to increase the penetrating depth of implanted ions, the bigger of the cavity, the deeper of the penetration.  
        关键词：Low-energy ion;Plant seeds;Penetrating depth;Non-equilibrium statistical theory   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Tiantian CUI,Shuyuan ZHANG,Liang SUN,Jieping LU
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030201(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030201
        摘要：BackgroundVariance reduction is a common method to resolve the problems in deep penetration application such as radiation shielding, medical physics and well-logging. Currently, the study of the variance reduction techniques is based on simple theoretical geometric model, lacking the discussion on complex practical applications. PurposeThis paper aims to find an optimized combined variance reduction technique in deep penetration application on the practical complex model. MethodsWith an electron irradiation accelerator as the model, this paper studied the effects of combined variance reduction techniques on MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code) platform, including geometry splitting, biasing the source, exponential transform, step-step transform, DXTRAN and weight window. ResultThe results showed that the irradiation products had a great influence on the angular distribution of spectrum of the new source, and the geometric model should not be overly simplified. Compared with other variance-reducing techniques, the step-step transform and biasing the source efficiency reduced the relative error and could get a better calculation efficiency combined with geometric splitting, exponential transform and DXTRAN. Weight window had better computation efficiency and more objectivity. ConclusionThe step-step transform and biasing the source, combined with other variance reduction techniques can resolve deep penetration problem in complex practical application based on weight window.  
        关键词：Deep penetration;Variance reduction;Monte Carlo;Electron irradiation accelerator   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • Hong ZHANG,Bingzhi LUO,Fenglan XU,Xiaoya HU,Zhe ZHANG,Xiaoqin LIU
        Vol. 41, Issue 3, Article number: 030301(2018) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.030301
        摘要：BackgroundRadiation would induce apoptosis of cells. PurposeThis study aims to observe the effect of irradiation on bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in mice. MethodsThe BMDCs were irradiated by X-ray to absorbed doses of 0.5 Gy or 1.0 Gy. The apoptosis and immunity ability of DCs were measured by flow cytometry and CCK-8. Protein expressions were determined by Western blot. The JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathway was inhibited by protein inhibitors. ResultsThe dysfunction of BMDCs induced by X-ray irradiation was observed. The BMDCs apoptosis percentage increased, and JAK-2, STAT-3, and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expressions were promoted. ConclusionThe up-regulation of JAK2, STAT3 and cleaved Caspase-3 expression induced by X-ray irradiation results in apoptosis and dysfunction of BMDCs, and may represent a new mechanism in radiation-induced immune suppression.  
        关键词：Dendritic cells;X-ray;Apoptosis;JAK2/STAT3/Caspase-3 signal pathway   
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