最新刊期
      卷 40 ， 期 11 ， 2017

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Xiang XIAO,Jun WU,You GONG,Tongrui YANG,Zhengyun DONG,Yixue CHEN
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110602(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110602
        摘要：BackgroundWith the development of AP1000, the burnup has been raised constantly and the average burnup is expected to reach 60 GW d·t-1. However, the traditional WIMS-D library which is based on WIMS69 and XMAS172 energy group structure, has too many flaws such as the resonance overlap effect, lack of some nuclides, unreliable value of the fission product yield and thus can't explicitly treat the nuclide of 152Gd, 160Gd, 159Tb and 160Tb in the pseudo fission product. PurposeA new version of WIMS-D library based on ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1 with SHEM281 group structure is developed to improve the accuracy of cell calculation using the NJOY program. MethodsThe new library is verified through the analysis of criticality and burnup benchmarks by using DRAGON program. ResultsThe results show that the calculation values are in good agreement with the benchmark. ConclusionThe new library has high precision and the result is reliable, which can be used for the PWR's calculation.  
        关键词：SHEM281;Pseudo fission product;Fission product chain;Fission product yield   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Zhao JIN,Jiafeng CHANG,Juan HUANG,Chengrui WU,Shiyao LIN
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110605(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110605
        摘要：BackgroundA scintillator-based fast ion loss detector (FILD) can simultaneously measure the energy and pitch angle of escaped fast ions, which is a powerful method to study the behavior of fast ion feature. PurposeInvestigating the performance of the fast ion loss is very helpful for understanding plasma confinement due to the development of experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). MethodsFILD has been successfully put into operation on EAST, and the behavior of fast ion can be analyzed by charge coupled device (CCD) and photomultiplier tube (PMT) data acquisition system. ResultsWhen the neutral beams were injected, the fast ion losses were detected. Runaway electrons and the fast electrons were observed when lower hybrid waves were injected into plasma, resulting in the effect of X-rays on the fast ion loss signal. In H-mode discharge condition, the fast ion losses signal changed with D-alpha signals. ConclusionFast ion loss detector system plays an important role in investigating loss ions behavior during neutral beam heating. Runaway electrons and fast electrons would affect the fast ion loss signal. At the same time, FILD will be upgraded with the probe structure and new scintillator material will be selected to minimize the impact of X-ray.  
        关键词：Scintillator;FILD;Runaway electrons   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Yongjian XU,Li ZHANG,Yahong XIE,Caichao JIANG,Lizhen LIANG,Chundong HU
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110603(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110603
        摘要：BackgroundThe high current ion source is a key component of neutral beam injector, and its reachable performance determines the achievable targets of the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) neutral beam injector (NBI). Electrode breakdown of ion source happens occasionally during the beam extraction, which has a very serious impact on the normal operation of ion source and even endangers the life of the ion source. PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the reason of breakdown and propose improvement measures. MethodsThe waveforms of beam extraction and the data of water flow calorimetry (WFC) of the abnormal shot of 7801 and normal shot of 7799 were studied. ResultsThe analysis shows that the cause of breakdown is the dual effect of over-focus and under-focus of extraction beam. Optimizing the matching of the plasma and the high pressure can effectively reduce the phenomenon of breakdown, and in order to protect ion source, a hardware protection mechanism is added. ConclusionThe analysis results lay a foundation for the safe and stable operation of ion source.  
        关键词：Ion source;Beam extraction;Electrode breakdown;Water flow calorimetry   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Peng NIE
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110606(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110606
        摘要：BackgroundHaving a half-life of 5 730 a, 14C is the radionuclide of greatest concern in nuclear graphite, which arises principally through the interaction of reactor neutrons with nitrogen via 14N(n, p) reaction. PurposeThis study aims to propose a mechanism for the production and retention of 14C in graphite and needs to be verified. MethodsThe specific activities for 14C have been calculated and experimentally determined. Nitrogen exists in heavy water research reactor (HWRR) graphite in two forms:impurity N and interstice N2. A comparison between 14C specific activities in ground and unground graphite samples has been done. ResultsThe 14C atoms produced by the interstice N2 usually exist in "hot atom" state and immediately form 14CO2, part of which may resides in graphite and the other part may eventually escape to air. ConclusionA comparison between 14C specific activities in ground and unground graphite samples reveals that the interstice 14CO2 accounts for 30% approximately of total 14C in the thermal column graphite of heavy water research reactor.  
        关键词：Graphite;Impurity N;Interstice N   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Qinglan CUI,Changhong PENG,Yun GUO
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110604(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110604
        摘要：BackgroundIn recent years, a number of probabilistic safety analysis for research reactors have been carried out, in which loss-of-coolant accidents due to pipe break are important. PurposeThe aim is to calculate the break frequency of a weld of the reactor outlet pipe of the high flux engineering test reactor (HFETR). MethodsThis study referred to the algorithm of piping reliability analysis including seismic events (PRAISE) computer code, selected the operating condition of a tank-type research reactor-HFETR. ResultsA weld joint of the reactor coolant outlet pipe was calculated. And the frequencies of all kinds of leaks at the weld joint were obtained. ConclusionBy doing ultrasonic examination before the operation, the frequency of pipe break can be effectively reduced.  
        关键词：HFETR;Pipe break;Crack   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Chuanwei HU,Yanzhi E,Yang ZOU,Hongjie XU
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110601(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110601
        摘要：BackgroundThe simulation of fluid dynamics process for molten salt reactor proposes a large compute complexity, which requires high performance computer systems to enhance speed and efficiency. PurposeThis study aims to achieve graphics processing unit (GPU) parallelization of fluid dynamics process of molten salt reactor core. MethodsOpenACC directives were used as the main programming model to speed up the vector and matrix linear operation. And the preconditioned conjugate gradients for solving linear equations were implemented on the GPU. Finally, the parallel implementation and general optimization strategies to the OpenACC version of Code_Saturne were tested and validated on a simplified molten salt reactor. ResultsFrom the result of the implementation of the GPU-parallel code, it is manifested that the empirical tuning of OpenACC accelerated code sections are valid for obtaining correct results, and enhancing performance and portability. ConclusionWith OpenACC, we find that the instance of fluid dynamics process for molten salt reactor is given out using the GPU version of Code_Saturne and the performance of the GPU version of Code_Saturne can be enhanced compared with that of the CPU version.  
        关键词：Molten salt reactor;CFD;Conjugate gradient (CG);General-purpose graphic processing units (GPGPUs);OpenACC   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Chundong HU,Guangya CHEN,Yahong XIE,Caichao JIANG,Qinglong CUI,Cuiping LUO,Yuanzhe ZHAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110403(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110403
        摘要：BackgroundThe ion source is a key subsystem of the neutral beam injector (NBI). An experimental platform of radio frequency (RF) ion source was established via Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Its complex structure and high demand for discharge-process to time-sequence requires of a long-distance control system. PurposeThis study aims to design a flexible control system for RF ion source platform (named as RF Center Control (RCC)), which is compatible with Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) architecture and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) communications. MethodsThe RCC system was established under the client/server (C/S) framework and developed by using the best OPI yet (BOY) technology of control system studio (CSS). The communication contents were stored in the local rocess variables (PV) data source and sent to other programs through TCP/IP to support two kinds of communication protocols. ResultsThe RCC system has been operated for six months, and performed well in discharge mode settings, timing amplitude settings, real-time monitoring of equipment status and real-time waveform display, etc. ConclusionThe RCC satisfies the requirements of data visualization and remote control of the experimental platform.  
        关键词：RF ion source;Control system;EPICS;CSS   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Wenjie WAN,Wei ZHOU,Jianbin ZHOU,Xiang ZHAO,Jie YU,Xuxin HE,Xiang LUO,Hongjiang QIN,Qiulin XIANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110404(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110404
        摘要：BackgroundThe widely used bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) detector has low energy resolution in neutron well logging, and thus cannot meet the requirements of some practical applications. PurposeThis study aims to obtain high energy resolution spectrum using a LaBr3:Ce detector in neutron-gamma logging. MethodsSeveral common geochemical elements such as H, C and Fe were measured using 241Am-Be neutron source with LaBr3:Ce detector in a radioisotope neutron testing well belonging to China Petroleum Group Logging Corporation, and a commonly used BGO detector was employed to provide a comparison with LaBr3:Ce detector under the same well logging test condition. ResultsThe energy spectrum of LaBr3:Ce detector exhibited higher energy resolution than that of BGO detector, and a clear signal of Fe whilst a very weak Fe signal in energy spectrum of LaBr3:Ce detector. ConclusionThe application of LaBr3:Ce detector in nuclear logging has a promising prospect.  
        关键词：241Am-Be neutron source;LaBr3:Ce detector;Energy resolution;Logging   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Jun HE,Lin WANG,Xiaoyan ZHAO,Lingda YU,Yanfeng SUI,Junhui YUE,Jianshe CAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110401(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110401
        摘要：BackgroundBeam profile determination at high intensity hadron accelerators implies the usage of non-invasive methods. PurposeThis study aims to develop the profile measurement technology for high intensity proton accelerator. MethodsThe transverse profile of the beam was monitored via detecting the ionization products produced by the collision of proton with residual gas in the vacuum pipe. High-voltage electrodes were used for producing electrical field to guide ionized offspring whilst microchannel plates (MCP) was employed to amplify the signal. The screen and charge-coupled device (CCD) system were used for position detection. Results & ConclusionAn ionization profile monitor is designed and manufactured, which has been installed on the China accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) injector Ⅰ. The signal intensity of ionization products matches the theory's expectation. Experiments result shows that it is a useful tool to measure the profile of proton beam.  
        关键词：Proton accelerator;Non-invasive;Ionization;Profile measurement;Electrical field optimization   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Xiaoqin DENG,Tianyu HU,Guoqiang ZENG,Liangquan GE,Yuchong DING,Kaiqi ZHANG,Peng YU,Chengjun TAN
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110402(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110402
        摘要：BackgroundDeep-well logging requires higher detection efficiency and more stable temperature characteristics for the detectors. PurposeThis study aims to investigate the temperature characteristic of LuAG scintillator detector of high energy resolution in well logging. MethodsContrast experiments using radioactive source 137Cs (662keV) were performed between LuAG (Lu3Al5O12) and NaI:Tl scintillators, and the former is identified to be better in high-temperature resistance and energy resolution. LuAG together with Hamamatsu high-temperature type photomultiplier tube (R1288A-07) composed the probe for experiment. A temperature adjustable thermostat in the range of 20-170 ℃ was employed to the probe to study the effect of temperature on the energy resolution, channel and count rate of LuAG detector. ResultsThe energy resolution (137Cs 662keV) of LuAG detector was the highest at (75±5) ℃, which changed within 2% from 20 ℃ to 70 ℃, and within 7% from 70℃ to 170 ℃. ConclusionThe LuAG detector is more stable in high temperature situation and can be used in environments with large temperature changes such as deep-well logging. There is obvious channel drift induced by change of temperature, hence the related work shall be done to stabilize the spectrum.  
        关键词：LuAG detector;Temperature effect;Energy resolution;Channel drift;Deep-well logging   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Fangzhou CHEN,Longwei LAI,Yingbing YAN,Yongbin LENG
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110102(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110102
        摘要：BackgroundTo satisfy the requirements of digital beam position monitor in Dalian coherent light source (DCLS) and Shanghai X-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL), over 200 digital beam position monitor processors (DBPM) have been developed at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF). PurposeThis study aims to develop an automatic test platform for the device acceptance test and performance evaluation of these DBPMs. MethodsBased on MATLAB and standard commands for programmable instruments (SCPI), a signal is produced by the Agilent signal source MXG N5181A to simulate the real beam signal. Experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) is adopted as the network control system to integrate instruments test commands and experimental data are transferred via a router. EPICS LabCA is used to realize the data acquisition channel access interface. Results & ConclusionThe platform has been successfully used to test the noise level, crosstalk between channels, amplitude frequency response and signal noise ratio (SNR) of all DBMPs at both DCLS and SXFEL automatically.  
        关键词：MATLAB;DBPM;EPICS;SCPI;SSRF   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Manzhou ZHANG,Shunqiang TIAN,Kun WANG,Qinglei ZHANG,Bocheng JIANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110101(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110101
        摘要：BackgroundSeveral new operation modes were designed and commissioned in Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF), and these new modes and insertion devices reduced the dynamic aperture and the injection efficiency of the storage ring. PurposeThis study aims to improve the injection efficiency of SSRF store ring. MethodsA new injection scheme employing multipole magnet and injection emittance reducing at the high energy transport line have been studied. ResultsPulsed multipole magnet with orbit bump reduced the dynamic aperture to less than 7mm. Emittance exchange, by installing skew quadrupoles at the high energy transport line, scaled-down the horizontal emittance by an order, and then reduce the injection beam size. Both methods can increase the injection efficiency to higher than 95%. ConclusionThe new injection scheme with emittance reduction showed efficiency to improve the injection. The two methods also can work together to reduce the strength of pulsed multipole magnet or for smaller dynamic aperture.  
        关键词：Injection efficiency;Injection by pulsed multipole magnet;Emittance exchange   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Huajian ZHANG,Zhen BAI,Jingbin SHANGGUAN,Daqing GAO,Chunfeng SHI,Fengjun WU
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110103(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110103
        摘要：BackgroundRadioactive Ion Beam Line 1 of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-RIBLL1) could not fulfill physical experiment requirement ideally due to the simple initial design of its power control system and components degradation in recent years. PurposeThis study aims to reconstruct the power supplies system using new digital control techniques. MethodsDistributed architecture, i.e., one power supply under control of one precise controller closely, was adopted on the basis of Ethernet. Both magnetic field intensity of dipole magnets and output current of all power supplies were monitored. And automatic power supply steering according to presupposed magnetic rigidity was realized using the hysteresis control strategy. ResultsThe reconstructed system is verified in one-year beam steering to have fulfilled the requirements like steering precision, anti-interference performance and usability and it can improve the steering efficiency greatly. ConclusionNetwork-based automatic power supply control system for HIRFL-RIBLL1 solves all problems existed in the previous system.  
        关键词：Radioactive ion beam line;Power supply control system;Distributed system;Hysteresis control;Automatic steering   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Yuqi LIU,Xianguo TUO,Rui SHI,Honglong ZHENG
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110202(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110202
        摘要：BackgroundSegmented gamma scanning (SGS) measure is an important technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of nuclear scrap and radioactive waste (NSRW). PurposeThis study aims to improve the accuracy of the point source activity of NSRW measured by SGS for each segment with compensation of the wedge-disturbing effect. MethodsThe calibration coefficients of each segment were determined by the method of inter-segment compensation. Monte-Carlo simulation and experimental measurements were employed to accurately calibrate the detected region overlap of the segments using HPGe detector. ResultsThe experimental results show the wedge-disturbing effect can be effectively removed with this proposed method. The relative error is within 10% of the experimental value and the accuracy in the estimate of point source activity increases by 5%. ConclusionThe correction analysis using calibration coefficient is feasible and effective for SGS technique.  
        关键词：Radioactive waste;SGS;Wedge-disturbing;Monte-Carlo simulation;Quantitative analysis   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Fei ZHU,Zhaohua PENG,Jian ZHENG,Ailing LI,Lipeng ZHOU,Yaoming HU
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110201(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110201
        摘要：BackgroundThe breakthroughs in researches on drip line of new physics and the process of celestial synthesis of heavy elements above iron and nuclide synthesis of super heavy island would have a significant impact on natural science, and in which high-intensity neutron rich beam plays an indispensable part. PurposeThe radioactive beam produced by China advanced research reactor (CARR) and the high intensity deuteron accelerator is transmitted to the physical terminal, and the beam intensity can be effectively enhanced by the simultaneous acceleration of the two-charge state beam. MethodsBased on the principles of scatter injection and synchronous acceleration for ion beam, the high voltage was used to adjust the phase difference of the ion beam, and the speed regulator to synchronize the ion beam energy, the extraction-voltage and rate-synchronization parameters of different kinds of ion beam are calculated, respectively. Voltage regulation parameters are obtained by analyzing the relationship between voltage regulation and phase difference of ion beam. ResultsThe results show that with regulate voltage at ±8 kV, phase adjustment for different types of ion beam can be satisfied. ConclusionPhysics design parameters can meet the requirement of engineering construction.  
        关键词：Phase adjustment;Energy regulation;Radioactive beam;High voltage   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Guangyuan LUAN,Qi WANG,Jie BAO,Xichao RUAN,Jie REN,Hantao JING,Kai ZHANG,Hanxiong HUANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 11, Article number: 110501(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.110501
        摘要：BackgroundThe backstreaming white neutron source (Back-n) of China spallation neutron source (CSNS) will provide pulsed white neutron beam with a high fluence rate for nuclear data measurement. The accurate measurement of the neutron spectrum and fluence rate after the Back-n's completion will be the basis of the following physical experiments. PurposeThis study aims to design a fast fission chamber for the CSNS Back-n flux measuring and monitoring system. MethodsThe detector performance including time resolution, particle distinction and detection efficiency was studied by experiments. Based on the study, the parameters of the fission chamber were determined, and its detection efficiency calculated by the 235U sample quantity was compared with that measured by concomitant particle method. ResultsConsidering the particle distinction, the distance between the anode and the target of the fission chamber was determined as 10 mm, the time resolution of the fission chamber was measured to be about 15 ns. The deviation of calculated detection efficiency from the measurement was in the range of 5%. ConclusionAccording to the detection efficiency and the demand of the neutron flux monitoring, the quantity of the uranium for the fast fission chamber can be determined. With appropriate parameters, the fast fission chamber can be used in CSNS Back-n flux measuring and monitoring.  
        关键词：Fission chamber;CSNS;White neutron source;Neutron time-of-flight facility   
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