最新刊期
      卷 0 ， 期 0 ， 2020
      • YANG Yingguo,ZHENGGUAN Haojie,JI Gengwu,FENG Shanglei,LI Xiaolong,GAO Xingyu
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020101(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020101
        摘要：Background: The microstructures of P3HT (poly(3-hexyl-thiophene)) in P3HT/PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) thin films play a key role in governing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on these films. Purpose: We aim to study the self-organization of P3HT in the P3HT/PCBM thin films annealed at different temperatures. Methods: Using different incidence angles, information about the microstructures of P3HT at different depths in these films was obtained by synchrotron based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Results: It is shown that the crystalline structure of P3HT has been substantially improved by thermal annealing. One dimensional GIXRD clearly indicates that P3HT edge-on structures in the inner layers have been improved with their number increased in comparison with those at the surface and the interface layers. In addition, thermal annealing also helps the formation of P3HT face-on structures in the films, as evidenced by 2 dimensional GIXRD. Conclusion: The improved structures in these films lead to more charge transport channels formed to improve the carrier mobility, which in turn helps the improvement of OSCs. Thus, the present GIXRD results will improve the understanding of annealing effects at different depths of the P3HT/PCBM thin films for enhanced OSCs devices.Cited  
        关键词：Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction;P3HT/PCBM thin film;Edge-on structure;Face-on structure   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • CAO Zhen,RUAN Xichao,MENG Beidi,SHI Cuiyan
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020201(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020201
        摘要：Background: Seed source has become a popular treatment option in the management of various tumors, particularly in the prostate. Purpose: The aim is to develop accurate and reliable dosimetric parameters that could be used to measure the dose delivered to organs at risk. Methods: Dosimetric parameters (dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy function) of model 6711 125I seed source were calculated with MCNP5 and EGSnrc MC codes following AAPM TG43U1 recommendations. Results: The two results were compared with the relative data recommend by AAPM TG43U1, and the data were as follows: dose rate constant with MCNP5 was in agreement with 0.62%, while that with EGSnrc was 2.07%; radial dose function with MCNP5 was within 0.15%?5.12%, while that with EGSnrc was within 0%?2.48%. Conclusion: The results of two MC codes are in accordance with the recommendations. But that with EGSnrc MC code is better.Cited  
        关键词：MCNP5;EGSnrc;Dosimetric parameters;125I seed source   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LIANG Qinglei,LI Jinghuai,LIU Guorong,LI Anli
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020202(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020202
        摘要：Background: Nuclear materials especially highly enriched uranium materials attract more and more attentions, and increasing methods and technical means are used to detect its information of mass and enrichment. Purpose: In order to solve the key technique problem of measuring the mass and enrichment of highly enriched uranium materials in the heavy shielded containers, a novel trial method was proposed in the paper. Methods: Time correlation coincidence method was implemented by using 14-MeV neutrons and continuous spectrum neutrons obtained by moderating 14-MeV neutrons to interrogate uranium materials inside of lead container with different mass and enrichment. Results: Within the certain range of low enrichment, the relation of different uranium samples mass of same enrichment was linear, and so was the relation of different uranium samples enrichment of same mass. Conclusion: Time correlation coincidence method might be an effective solution to measure the mass and enrichment of uranium materials in the heavy shielded container in the future.Cited  
        关键词：Uranium mass;Uranium enrichment;14-MeV neutrons;Continuous spectrum neutrons   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • ZHU Guangyu,SUN Licheng,TANG Jiguo
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020203(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020203
        摘要：Background: Nowadays, the efficient heat transfer technology is required in nuclear energy. Therefore, micro-bubble emission boiling (MEB) is getting more attentions from many researchers due to its extremely high heat-transfer dissipation capability. Purpose: An experimental setup was built up to study the correspondences between the characteristics on the amplitude spectrum of boiling sound in different boiling modes. Methods: The heat element was a copper block heated by four Si-C heaters. The upper of the copper block was a cylinder with the diameter of 10 mm and height of 10 mm. Temperature data were measured by three T-type sheathed thermocouples fitted on the upper of the copper block and recorded by NI acquisition system. The temperature of the heating surface was estimated by extrapolating the temperature distribution. Boiling sound data were acquired by hydrophone and processed by Fourier transform. Bubble behaviors were captured by high-speed video camera with light system. Results: In nucleate boiling region, the boiling was not intensive and as a result, the spectra didn’t present any peak. While the MEB fully developed on the heating surface, an obvious peak came into being around the frequency of 300Hz. This could be explained by analyzing the video data. The periodic expansion and collapse into many extremely small bubbles of the vapor film lead to MEB presenting an obvious characteristic peak in its amplitude spectrum. Conclusion: The boiling mode can be distinguished by its amplitude spectrum. When the MEB fully developed, it presented a characteristic peak in its amplitude spectrum around the frequency between 300–400 Hz. This proved that boiling sound of MEB has a close relation with the behavior of vapor film.Cited  
          
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • ZHU Fei,PENG Zhaohua,HU Yueming,JIAO Xuesheng,CHEN Dongfeng,CAO Yali
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020204(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020204
        摘要：Background: Heavy-ion microporous membrane is a new kind of filter material, which has prosperous application in the fields of medical and biological agents, electronic, food, environmental science, materials science, etc. Purpose: Polyester membranes were irradiated with 32S produced by HI-13 tandem accelerator to develop a microporous membrane at CIAE, and the irradiation uniformity is determined by the beam distribution, also the microporous uniformity is required higher than 90%. Methods: An octupole magnet was used to correct the beam distribution from Gauss to uniform. Meanwhile, main parameters of beam line were given, and the alignment tolerances for optical elements were also analyzed. Results: Alignment tolerance of the optical elements could cause great influence on the beam center deviation in the process of correction, which would destroy the irradiation uniformity. Steering magnet was applied to meet with the design requirements. Conclusion: This study provides a practical and feasible way for industrial production of heavy-ion microporous membrane.Cited  
        关键词：Microporous membrane;Octupole magnet;Beam uniformity   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • XU Xuechun,WEI Sheng,XIN Yong,LI Cuihong,LI Huan,LIN Libin
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020205(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020205
        摘要：Background: In recent years, radiochromic films have been widely used as dosimeters for industrial and medical applications. Purpose: In order to obtain the irradiation features of a radiochromic film that might be used as film dosimeter for electron accelerator, radiochromic films containing a triarylamino methane compound were prepared. Methods: The radiochromic films were irradiated by electron beams under various conditions, such as total dose, electron energy, dose rate, fracture irradiation and temperature. Meanwhile the optical density of the films was analyzed with UV-Vis absorption spectrum. Results: The color of the films changed from clear to green when irradiated by electron beam. As shown by the absorption spectrum, the main absorption peak in the visual region locates around 626 nm. It is noticeable that the response of optical density has a linear relationship with radiation dose ranging from 5 kGy to 50 kGy. Moreover, electron energy, dose rate, fracture irradiation and radiation temperature present different levels of influence upon the response of radiochromic films. Furthermore, as a result of post-radiation effect, stable optical density should be measured more than 12 h after irradiation. Conclusion: The radiochromic films containing a triarylamino methane compound can be utilized to measure the dose of electron irradiation in dose range from 5 kGy to 50 kGy.Cited  
        关键词：Radiochromic film;Electron irradiation;Dosimetry   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LI Hongsheng,WU Hubing,WANG Qiaoyu,HAN Yanjiang,WANG Quanshi
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020301(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020301
        摘要：Background: PET with 18F-FDG has been considered of limited value for the detection of bladder cancer because of the urinary excretion of the tracer. Purpose: To investigate the clinical value of dual phase 18F-FDG PET/CT with oral diuretic in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Methods: 107 patients with suspected bladder cancer were enrolled in the present study from May, 2003 to May, 2012. Each patient underwent the whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans routinely. After that, all patients received the forced diuresis by orally administration of furosemide (40mg) and drinking a lot of water. Two hours later, after several times of urination, the patients underwent an additional delayed pelvic PET/CT scans. The intravesical radioactivity was compared between the routine and delayed the scans and the visualization of the tumor was evaluated. The diagnostic efficacy was determined based on the pathological examinations and the clinical following-up. Results: With the forced diuresis, intravesical 18F-FDG activity decreased significantly in 96.3% of the patients. The lesions on the wall of urinary bladder were visualized clearly in the delayed PET images, which weren’t seen in the routine PET images. 18F-FDG PET/CT was positive in 75 patients who all then received the operation. 69 patients were diagnosed pathologically to have the bladder cancer and 6 patients to have benign diseases. 18F-FDG PET/CT was negative in another 32 patients. Four patients of them were then diagnosed to be bladder cancer. Another 28 patients were clinically followed up more than 6 months and none of them was found to have bladder cancer. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the dual phase PET/CT imaging for diagnosing the bladder cancer were 94.5%(69/73), 82.4%(28/34) and 90.7%(97/107), respectively. Conclusion: The forced diuresis using oral furosemide can significantly reduce the intravesical radioactivity and improve the detectability of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the bladder cancer.Cited  
        关键词：Bladder cancer;Diuretic;Diagnosis;Tomography;Emission-computed;Deoxyglucose   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • WEI Xing,WANG Feng,XIAO Wuyun,AI Xianyun,ZHANG Bin,ZHANG Lei,MA Xinhua
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020401(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020401
        摘要：Background: Nuclear security and safety is becoming one of the most concerned topics around the world after Fukushima nuclear accident. Recent reports of IAEAshow that the potential risks exist internationally and domestically. A good solution of promoting nuclear security and safety is to develop advanced nuclear radiation monitoring technologies including γ-ray imaging. Purpose: In order to improve the sensitivity of a γ-ray imaging system with little increase of system complexity and cost, rotating modulator (RM) imaging technique using non-position-sensitive detectors was first introduced in nuclear monitoring studies. Methods: Modulation pattern of RM system was deduced mathematically and its profile was calculated by a dedicated program written in Matlab. The system sensitivity was analyzed based on the profile. Detector outputs were produced by Monte Carlo simulation. The Noise-Compensating Algebraic Reconstruction (NCAR) algorithm was applied to the image reconstruct from simulated outputs. Results: A RM imaging system has a relative sensitivity of 62% compared with a coded aperture system when detector areas of the two systems are equal. On condition that the detector diameter is 3.8 cm and image distance is 80 cm, an angular resolution of 0.8° is achieved. Conclusion: Based on the simulating results, a RM system design suitable for vehicle and robotic platform is proposed.Cited  
        关键词：γ-ray imaging;Rotating modulator;System sensitivity;Image reconstruction;Iteration method   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • SHEN Wanzeng,YAN Hongbin,GAO Daqing,ZHOU Zhongzu,ZHANG Xianlai
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020402(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020402
        摘要：Background: The scanning power for osteoporosis therapy device is required to be with high voltage output of great precision. Purpose: The design of a high voltage scanning magnet power supply is presented. Methods: Two H bridge series made the output voltage of the power supply as high as 700 V. The closed loop control strategy was adopted to produce continuous trigonometric wave or sine wave current waveform of good quality. The design idea of power supply was introduced, and then the simulation of main circuit and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control circuit was provided using Simplorer software. Results: Power supply design and test results were reported. The tracking error was about ±0.2%, and all the goals of this power design are realized. Conclusion: The actual tuning results of the power supply show that the design of the power supply is accomplished.Cited  
        关键词：Scanning;H bridge series;Simulation;PI regulator   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • CHEN Lei,YAN Changqi,WANG Jianjun
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020601(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020601
        摘要：Background: Weight and size are important criteria in evaluating the performance of a nuclear power plant. It is of great theoretical value and engineering significance to reduce the weight and volume of the components for a nuclear power plant by the optimization methodology. Purpose: In order to provide a new method for the optimization of nuclear power plant multi-objective, the concept of the non-dominated solution was introduced. Methods: Based on the parameters of Qinshan ? nuclear power plant, the mathematical models of the reactor core, the reactor vessel, the main pipe, the pressurizer and the steam generator were built and verified. The sensitivity analyses were carried out to study the influences of the design variables on the objectives. A modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was proposed and employed to optimize the weight and the volume of the reactor coolant system. Results: The results show that the component mathematical models are reliable, the modified non-dominated sorting generic algorithm is effective, and the reactor inlet temperature is the most important variable which influences the distribution of the non-dominated solutions. Conclusion: The optimization results could provide a reference to the design of such reactor coolant system.Cited  
        关键词：Multi-objective optimization methodology;Non-dominated optimal solution;Reactor coolant system   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • ZHANG Lianping,WU Lunqiang,DANG XiaoJun,WEI Mengfu
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020602(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020602
        摘要：Background: The running of the nuclear system would produce a mass of radioactive waste, and the nuclide residual in these radioactive waste had to be analyzed. Purpose: The aim is to provide a main support to solve the problem of waste classifying and disposal by the quantitative analysis of the nuclide residual in the radioactive waste by gamma-ray spectra. Methods: The nuclide distribution has been researched by solving the weighted factor in every layer based on the hypothesis of layered uniform distribution, which could provide an important support for the calculation of detecting efficiency. Results: The weighted factor in every layer was calculated based on the hypothesis of layered uniform distribution. The measurement results from two different orientations, and the more accurate efficiency of source-peak were acquired. Conclusion: The results show that it is feasible to acquire the nuclide distribution by two-time measurement and solving the non-negative result of the matrix equation.Cited  
        关键词：Radioactive waste;Residual;Hypothesis of layered uniform distribution   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • ZHANG Zhihong,XIA Xiaobin,ZHU Xingwang,CAI Jun
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020603(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020603
        摘要：Background: Molten salt reactor (MSR), a candidate of the Generation IV reactors, has the advantages of inherent safety, on-line refueling and good neutron economy. Neutrons absorption of the poisons such as 135Xe and 85Kr would affect the reactivity of the reactor. As a result, on-line processing is required to remove gases when the reactor is run. Most of the computation codes that are available for calculation of the source terms have not taken liquid fuel flow and online reprocessing into account. Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze the impacts of on-line removing radioactive gases on the source terms and provide reliable source terms for the radiation protection of MSR. Methods: Source terms of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), - originally developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) of USA, with/without on-line processing are calculated by using self-developed code PostTRITON and the TRITON module of the SCALE5.1 package. Results: The productions of the radioactivity of fission products and tritium were calculated for MSRE, and compared with the data given by ORNL. The results were consistent within the error of ±8%. Conclusion: The calculation method of the source terms for the MSRE with on-line removing radioactive gases is feasible and reliable to provide important data for the radiation protection of MSRs.Cited  
          
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LI Hua,ZHANG Lili,YI Zhou
        Vol. 37, Issue 2, Article number: 020604(2014) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2014.hjs.37.020604
        摘要：Background: Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is an important experiment for dynamics study of confined water. It is significant to study the dynamics of confined water in cement paste. Purpose: In this paper, we have two aims. One is to present a reviewer of QENS study on dynamics of confined water in cement paste in recent years. The other is to illustrate the QENS application to the study on dynamics of confined water based on cement paste. Method: Relaxing cage model (RCM) is specially introduced for the analyses of QENS spectra. Results: Based on RCM, several parameters for describing the dynamics of confined water in cement paste, can be obtained from the analyses of QENS spectra: a fraction of mobile ‘glassy’ water molecules embedded in amorphous gel region surrounding the hydration products, 1-p, the capture time of confined water molecule in some place-?0, the average translational relaxation time-Cited  
          
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
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