最新刊期
      卷 0 ， 期 0 ， 2020
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060101(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060101
        摘要：Background:Anyang Zhangdeng site is a Pre-Shang site by the unearthed stone artifact mainly and the age is equivalent to the late Erlitou culture,and it is about 200 km away from the Erlitou.Currently the trace element analysis of ancient animal skeletons’ samples has rarely been seen.Purpose: This paper attempts to study the Zhangdeng animal’s diet and the heavy metal exposure.The paleoenvironmental information is indicated by the former using a new method.Methods: Eight samples(enamel and dentin samples from 4 animals individuals) are tested using the synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SR-XRF) technique.Results: Fe and Mn contents of ZY9507 were very high and Sr and Zn contents of ZY9505 and ZY9506 were similar,Sr and Zn contents of ZY9508 were higher than the formers and the contents of Cu and As were also obviously higher.Conclusions: Based on the above results: the samples of ZY9507 had undergone diagenetic pollution and wasn’t suitable for the paleoenvironmental "fingerprint".ZY9505 and ZY9506 had the similar feeding habits and mainly ate the foods with lower Sr contents such as leaves class.Meanwhile,its lower accumulation of heavy metals shows the lower metal contents in Zhangdeng’s paleoenvironment.ZY9508 may be an omnivorous animal and mainly ate the foods with higher Sr such as the grass,while its foods contained relatively high animal protein.Moreover,its levels of Cu and As suggested that it may belong to the "exotic" animal and likely came from the Erlitou site which was the center of bronze casting.Overall,ethnic groups living Zhangdeng had the economic exchanges with the dominators of Erlitou,but the surrounding environment of the former was less affected by Erlitou bronze production activities on the whole.  
        关键词：Pre-Shang Zhangdeng site;Animal tooth;SR-XRF analysis;Eating habits;Exposure to heavy metals;Paleoenvironment   
        14
        |
        16
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193758 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • WU Zhengxin 1,3 HE Chengfa 2,3 LU Wu 2,3 GUO Qi 2,3 ARKIN Abulim 1 YU Xin 2,3 ZHANG Lei 2,3 DENG Wei 2,3 ZHENG Qiwen 2,3 1
        Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060201(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060201
        摘要：Background: The dose enhancement factor of X-ray was found in 1970s,because of its bad damage to electronic devices.Purpose: This paper is mainly to calculate the dose-enhancement factor at Au/Si interfaces.Methods: The gradient distribution of dose with X-rays has been studied at and near the interface of Au/Si by Monte-Carlo simulation of particle transportation.The mechanism of dose enhancement is discussed based on the principles of interaction of photon with matter.A 3D Au/Si model has been established by MCNP5 program and the dose-enhancement factors of different thicknesses Au/Si interfaces were calculated by Monte Carlo method.Results: The calculated results demonstrate that there exists a stronger dose-enhancement in the Si side near the interface when the energy of X-ray is 30–300 keV.Conclusions: When the thickness of Au is 0–10 m,dose-enhancement factor of X-ray increases along with the increase of the thickness of Au,when the thickness of Au exceeds 10 m,dose-enhancement factor of X-ray decreases along with the increase of the thickness of Au.  
        关键词：Monte Carlo method;Dose-enhancement factor;Interface;Energy deposition;Voxel   
        14
        |
        17
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7194287 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060202(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060202
        摘要：Background: For the intensity of high-enriched uranium’s neutrons from fission is weak,the active detection method is commonly adopted.Purpose: The quality attribute of uranium components is analysed.Methods:According to the theory of neutron source-driven noise analysis method and mass measurement problem of uranium material or uranium component,Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the mass measurement of metal uranium sphere components with the same geometry and enrichment and the different masses.The time-correlation coincidence count distributions to different uranium components are obtained.Results: The source-driven time correlation coincidence measurements can provide quantities,time-dependent coincidence distributions between two detectors,which can be related to the mass of uranium components.Conclusions: By studying on the sample(radius: 4.67 cm,mass: 8 kg),it realized mass measurement to metal uranium sphere components with different masses.  
        关键词：Source-driven noise analysis method;Uranium component;Neutron signal;Monte Carlo simulation;Time-correlation coincidence count   
        12
        |
        15
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193733 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060203(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060203
        摘要：Background: Because of the damage induced by ionizing radiation,bipolar transistors in integrated voltage regulator could induce the current gain degradation and increase leakage current.This will bring serious problems to electronic system.Purpose: In order to ensure the reliability of the device work in the radiation environments,the device irradiation reinforcement technology is used.Methods: The characteristics of 60Co γ irradiation and annealing at different temperatures in bipolar transistors and voltage regulators(JW117) with different passive films for SiO 2 +BPSG+SiO 2 and SiO 2 +SiN have been investigated.Results: The devices with BPSG film enhanced radiation tolerance significantly.Because BPSG films have better absorption for Na + in SiO 2 layer,the surface recombination rate of base region in a bipolar transistor and the excess base current have been reduced.It may be the main reason for BJT with BPSG film having a good radiation hardness.And annealing experiments at different temperatures after irradiation ensure the reliability of the devices with BPSG films.Conclusions: A method of improving the ionizing irradiation hardness of bipolar transistors is proposed.As well as the linear integrated circuits which containing bipolar transistors,an experimental basis for the anti-ionizing radiation effects of bipolar transistors is provided.  
        关键词：BPSG;Passivation layer;Ionizing radiation;Annealing   
        12
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7195057 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060301(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060301
        摘要：Background: Integrin signal transduction pathways provide an important basis for molecular targeting therapy of cancerin tumor growth,infiltration and transfer.Existing research data have shown that small molecular peptide labeled with radionuclide has good clinical application prospects,but the successful researches on lung cancer have not been reported so far.It is considered that the main reason is the lack of small molecule peptide for specific targeting lung cancer.Purpose: Based on the small molecular peptide cNGQGEQc for specifically identifying integrin α3 and β1 found previously,polypeptide cNGQGEQc is selected and radiolabelled with 131I.And the inhibitory effect of131I-cNGQGEQc in nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma is observed.Methods: The coupling of cNGQGEQc and tyrosine was done in the processing of solid phase synthesis of small molecular peptide.Chloramine-T method was used for radiolabelling of cNGQGEQc with 131I.Twenty nude mice bearing NCI-H1975 were built and randomly divided into four groups with five mice in each group,including the group of 131I-cNGQGEQc,the group of131I-cNAQAEQc,the group of 131I and the saline control group.The general condition was observed in nude mice bearing tumor after tail vein injection of corresponding drugs.And the tumor sizes after grafting were measured per 3 days in 30 days.The inhibitory rate of tumor in each group was calculated.Results: The labeling efficiencies of 131I-cNGQGEQc and131I-cNAQAEQc were greater than 90% with the radiochemical purity of more than 95%,and 131I-cNGQGEQc had obvious inhibitory effect for transplantation tumor in nude mice bearing NCI-H1975 adenocarcinoma of lung.After a treatment for 30 days the tumor inhibitory rates were 60.93% for the group of131I-cNGQGEQc,11.63% for the group of131I-cNAQAEQ and 10.70% for the group of131I.Conclusion: 131I-cNGQGEQc has a good affinity and effective inhibit effect for the NCI-H1975 lung adenocarcinoma.Integrin is a promising targeting therapy agent for non-small cell lung cancer.  
        关键词：Lung adenocarcinoma;Radiotherapy;Peptides;Iodine radioisotopes;Mice nude   
        14
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193186 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060302(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060302
        摘要：Background: Diabetes nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus patients.Early detection of renal impairment can improve the quality of life of patients.Purpose: The value of total GFR,serum creatinine,24-hour urine protein excretion in diabetes mellitus patients with renal impairment were evaluated.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 147 patients with diabetes undergoing routine renal dynamic imaging was undertaken.The cases were divided into three groups according to the illness duration: group 1 of not more than five years,group 2 of five to ten years,Gr.3: more than ten years.The 22 renal transplant donors were selected as the normal control group.The total GFR,serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein excretion of all patients were measured before the treatments,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results: There was no significant differences in renal function between the two kidneys of in the diabetes mellitus patients(P=0.536).Serum creatinine and total GFR had significant correlation(R2=0.762),but no significant relationship between the 24-hour urine protein and the total GFR or serum creatinine.In the early and middle times of renal function impairment,the total GFR and serum creatinine have significant difference in different time periods(P<0.05).During the mid-late times of renal function impairment,total GFR and serum creatinine have no statistically significant differences(P value is 0.781,0.297).24-hour urine protein quality had no statistical differences in each stage.However,the total GFR is more sensitive than the serum creatinine in evaluation of early impairing of renal function.Conclusions: There is significant correlation between serum creatinine and total GFR.Both of them can reflect the degree of diabetic renal injury,but the total GFR is more sensitive than serum creatinine in early degree.24-hour urine protein quantitative can not evaluate the degree of impaired renal function alone.  
        关键词：Renal dynamic imaging;Diabetes mellitus;Renal function;Serum creatinine;Urine protein   
        13
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193271 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060401(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060401
        摘要：Background: Prompt fission neutron uranium logging is a method for uranium exploration.Pulsed neutron source and epithermal neutron detector are used to detect the prompt epithermal neutron from the fission of thermal neutron and 235U.Purpose: The efficiency of epithermal neutron detector of the logging instrument need to be improved.Methods: The energy distribution of fission neutron detected by the epithermal neutron detector,as well as the detection efficiency of epithermal neutron detector with different sizes of moderator are studied by Monte Carlo simulation.Results: Under the studied conditions,the optimal sizes of neutron moderating material and neutron detector are obtained,which is the combination of 0.5-mm thick cadmium,1.1-cm thick polyethylene and 2.6-cm diameter3He tube.Conclusions: In the space with outer diameter of 4.8 cm,the maximum of the epithermal neutron detection efficiency was achieved by combination of a 1.1-cm thick tube and a 2.6-cm diameter3He moderator when using polyethylene or organic glass as the moderator material.  
        关键词：Epithermal neutron detector;Uranium logging;Prompt fission neutron;Monte Carlo simulation;Detection efficiency   
        21
        |
        14
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7194169 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060501(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060501
        摘要：Background: By changing the size or the morphology of Au nanostructures,they can absorb different wavelength light due to the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).Because Au nanorods show good ability to transform light into heat(photothermal effect),they have been wildly used to deliver the drugs and release them controllably.However,when applying such nanostructures for in vivo treatments,Au nanorods must have long aspect ratio which often make it hard to prepare heterogeneous nanostructures.Purpose: A new method to synthesize Au nanostructures with uniform size and to achieve long wavelength light absorbance is needed.This work attempts to synthesize such Au nanostructures by using bio-nano techniques.Methods: New nanostructures are prepared by growing Au nanoparticles on the surface of Au nanorods modified with DNA molecules.Results: Dumbbell-like Au nanostructures were prepared firstly.Its maximum absorbance locates at near ultraviolet region,which means that it can be used as a potential tool for the deep-skin photothermal treatment.Moreover,other two kinds of nanostructures,i.e.Au nanorods with Au splinter at two ends and sea urchin-like nanostructures,are also studied.Conclusions: We successfully fabricated novel Au nanostructures which can be used for drug delivery,surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and catalysis.  
        关键词：Au nanorods;DNA nanostructure;Photothermal effect;Labeled compound   
        13
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193510 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060502(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060502
        摘要：Background: A noninvasive,real-time far-field optical microscopy is needed to study the dynamic function inside cells and proteins.However,the resolution limit of traditional optical microscope is about 200 nm due to the diffraction limit of light.So,it’s hard to directly observe the subcellular structures.Over the past several years of microscopy development,the diffraction limit of fluorescence microscopy has been overcome and its resolution limit is about tens of nanometers.Methods: To overcome the diffraction limit of light,many super-resolution fluoresce microcopies,including stimulated emission of depletion microscopy(STED),photoactivation localization microscopy(PALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM),have been developed.Conclusions: These methods have been applied in cell biology,microbiology and neurobiology,and the technology of super-resolution provides a new insight into the life science.  
        关键词：Optical microscopy;Super-resolution;Biology;Nano;Protein   
        16
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7194256 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • CHENG Maosong1,2 DAI Zhimin1 1
        Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060601(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060601
        摘要：Background: The molten salt reactor is one of the six advanced reactor concepts identified by the Generation IV International Forum as a candidate for cooperative development,which is characterized by remarkable advantages in inherent safety,fuel cycle,miniaturization,effective utilization of nuclear resources and proliferation resistance.ORNL finished the conceptual design of Molten Salt Breeder Reactor(MSBR) based on the design,building and operation of Molten Salt Reactor Experiment(MSRE).Purpose: We attempt to implement the preliminary safety analysis of MSBR in order to provide a reference for the design and optimization of MSBR in the future.Methods: According to the conceptual design of MSBR,a model of safety analysis using point kinetics coupled with the simplified heat transfer mechanism is presented.The model is applied to simulate the transient phenomena of MSBR initiated by an abnormal step reactivity addition and an abnormal ramp reactivity addition at full-power equilibrium condition.Results: The thermal power in the core increases rapidly at the beginning and is accompanied by a rise of the fuel and graphite temperatures after 100,300,500 and 600 pcm reactivity addition.The maximum outlet temperature of the fuel in the core is at 1250oC in 500 pcm reactivity addition,but up to 1350oC in 600 pcm reactivity addition.The maximum of the power and the temperature are delayed and lower in the ramp reactivity addition rather than in the step reactivity addition.Conclusions: Based on the results,when the reactivity inserted is less than 500 pcm in maximum at full power equilibrium condition,the structural material in Hastelloy-N is not melted and can keep integrity without external control action.And it is necessary to try to avoid inserting a reactivity at short time.  
        关键词：Molten salt breeder reactor;Safety analysis;Point kinetics   
        26
        |
        16
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193815 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060602(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060602
        摘要：Background: Some isotope separation tasks,for example,the enrichment of recycled uranium and the purge of light impurity,must be completed in a cascade with an additional feed flow.Purpose: It is one of the design aims for this type of cascade to determinate the configuration parameters such as the number of total stages,positions of base and additional feed flows on condition that concentrations of target components in the products and waste flows are given.Methods: In order to design the cascade theoretically,a mathematical optimization model is established for a quasi-ideal cascade.The total substance flow in the cascade is chosen as an objective function.Using penalty function method,the constraint optimization problem is transformed into an unconstraint one which was solved by a simplex method.Results: The optimization method is applied to calculate the cascade in which the recycled uranium is enriched.The results of calculation indicate that the minimum substance flow in the cascade decreases with the increasing of the abundance of 235UF6 in the recycled uranium.Conclusions: It is proved that the mathematical optimization model established for the quasi-ideal cascade with an additional feed flow is reasonable.  
        关键词：Quasi-ideal cascade;Additional flow;Optimization;Penalty function;Recycled uranium   
        11
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193709 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060603(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060603
        摘要：Background: Accurate nuclear data are needed for the development of molten salt reactors which use thorium as nuclear fuel.Purpose: We attempt to get an optimum set of optical potential parameters for 232Th with the incident neutron energy from 0.1 MeV to 20 MeV.Methods: APMN code which based on optical theory and Hauser-Feshbach theory with width fluctuation correction was used.Steepest descent method was adopted when the code seeks the optimum optical parameters automatically.Results: The comparison between the experimental data and the calculation results before and after adjusting the optical parameters shows that the calculation results after adjusting are in better agreement with the experimental data.This set of parameters could be used for nuclear data calculation.Conclusions: Based on the results it could provide a believable set of optical parameters for the neutron data evaluation.  
        关键词：n+232Th reaction;Optical model;Angular distribution;Nuclear model theory calculation   
        17
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193987 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060604(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060604
        摘要：Background: With a constant fuel inventory,the pebble packing rate has an important influence on the physical property of AHTR.Purpose: This paper attempts to study the influence of the pebble packing on a 2 MW AHTR.Methods: We used Monte Carlo Code MCNP 5 to study the related parameters,such as Keff,neutron spectrum and neutron flux distribution.In the analysis,we changed the packing from 0.7405 to 0.5236.Results: Results show that the changes of the pebble packing could increase the Keff of the core,make the neutron spectrum harder,and make the neutron flux peak up in axial position.Conclusions: Results provide rational theory for the design of AHTR and the development of computation code.  
        关键词：AHTR;Criticality;Volume packing;Pebble;Neutron spectrum;Neutron flux   
        11
        |
        12
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193480 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • Vol. 36, Issue 6, Article number: 060605(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.060605
        摘要：Background: Gamma ray from the decay of 16N in main coolant of PWR is one important factor for radiation protection.Purpose: This paper attempts to develop a 16N specific activity calculating method based on the core neutron flux rate distribution.Methods: Firstly,the activation yield and the decay balance theory of 16N in main coolant of PWR were analyzed.A16N specific activity calculating model based on sum of fluid channels in core was founded.The model made use of velocity of flow and average neutron flux rate in the fluid channels as input data.The steady 16N specific activities in main coolant while the reactor running could be calculated using this model.Subsequently,the model was practiced using Qinshan-2 NPP data.The reactor core was modeling in MCNP accurately.Neutron flux rate distribution in the core was calculated via MCNP simulation.The neutron flux rate data was used as input parameter of the calculating model,and the integrative calculation of 16N specific activity in main coolant was completed.Results: Result of the calculation was Aout=3.34×106Bq/cm3.Tt well matched the referenced value of 3.28×106Bq/cm3.Conclusions: The method was useful to calculate the16N specific activity.  
        关键词：PWR;Coolant;16N;Specific activity;MCNP code   
        10
        |
        11
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF><Meta-XML>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 7193300 false
        发布时间：2021-03-05
      0