一回路含氨冷却剂水化学控制策略研究

罗天骏; 袁誉坤; 周肖元; 郭子方; 杜颖哲; 林鹏; 胡国军

doi:10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250199

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一回路含氨冷却剂水化学控制策略研究

核化学、放射化学、放射性药物和核医学 | 更新时间：2026-01-19

- 一回路含氨冷却剂水化学控制策略研究
- Water chemistry control strategy of ammonia-containing coolant in the primary circuit
- 核技术 2026年49卷第1期文章编号：010301
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中广核研究院有限公司深圳 518028
  2.中国科学技术大学核科学技术学院合肥 230026
- 作者简介：
  
  罗天骏，男，1997年出生，2022年于哈尔滨工程大学获硕士学位，研究领域为放射化学、反应堆水化学
  郭子方，E-mail：gzf1212@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  林鹏，E-mail：lin_peng@cgnpc.com.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U24B20194)
- DOI：10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250199
  中图分类号： TL13
- 收稿：2025-05-08，
  
  修回：2025-06-20，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-15
- 稿件说明：
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罗天骏,袁誉坤,周肖元等.一回路含氨冷却剂水化学控制策略研究[J].核技术,2026,49(01):010301.

LUO Tianjun,YUAN Yukun,ZHOU Xiaoyuan,et al.Water chemistry control strategy of ammonia-containing coolant in the primary circuit[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(01):010301.
罗天骏,袁誉坤,周肖元等.一回路含氨冷却剂水化学控制策略研究[J].核技术,2026,49(01):010301. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250199. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250199.

LUO Tianjun,YUAN Yukun,ZHOU Xiaoyuan,et al.Water chemistry control strategy of ammonia-containing coolant in the primary circuit[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(01):010301. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250199. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250199.

摘要

特定堆型的一回路冷却剂中通过加入氨调控pH，并利用其辐解产物抑制氧化性物质的浓度，从而维持冷却剂的还原性状态。在此过程中，氨浓度与pH调控产生显著的联动影响，需要建立可模拟不同控制策略下水化学行为的模型，实现pH和溶解氢浓度控制。本工作基于RETA反应堆系统分析程序，开发了一个适用于压水堆型冷却剂辐解产物输运的模型，模型预测NH

和H

浓度与实验结果的均方误差分别为1.79×10

-8

和5.69×10

-8

。以KLT-40S堆型为对象，构建并对比分析了三种加氨调控策略：初始弥散加氨、源恒速加氨及基于除氢优化的源恒速加氨。在模拟过程中，设置了冷却剂初始参数与辐射场条件，逐步调整加氨速率与除氢时机。每种策略均模拟至系统达到准稳态（1.6×10

s），以评估其对pH和溶解氢浓度的调控效果。结果显示，初始氨弥散策略简单直接，可维持体系的还原性但对冷却剂pH调控的时间小于5 h；源恒速加氨可长时间有效调节冷却剂pH，但会带来溶解氢浓度过高的问题，需匹配相应的除氢方案。采用基于除氢优化的源恒速加氨策略，能够同时满足稳定控制pH和溶解氢浓度的要求，加氨速率为1.64 g·s

-1

，加氨开始1 200 s后开启除氢装置，除氢速率0.014 g·s

-1

，化学状态稳定后冷却剂的pH为6.9，溶解氢浓度为30~35 mL·kg

-1

（Standard Temperature and Pressure，STP）。本工作有望为新堆型研发和水化学控制策略的优化提供参考。

Abstract

Background

In some specific reactors

ammonia is added to regulate the pH of the primary coolant. The oxidizing species is effectively suppressed by radiolytic products of ammonia

thereby the coolant is maintained in a reductive chemical environment.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a predictive model capable of simulating water chemistry behavior under various control strategies to achieve coordinated regulation of both pH and dissolved hydrogen concentrations.

Methods

Firstly

a transport model for radiolytic species in reactor coolant was developed on the basis of the RETA reactor system analysis code

with applicability to a wide range of reactor types. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy

with root-mean-square (RMS) errors of only 1.79×10

-8

for NH₃ and 5.69×10

-8

for H

concentrations compared with experimental data. Then

the KLT-40S reactor was taken as a research object

three ammonia injection strategies were established and comparatively evaluated: initial dispersion

constant-rate injection

and constant-rate injection optimized with hydrogen removal. The simulations were conducted by defining initial coolant parameters and radiation field conditions

followed by stepwise adjustment of ammonia injection rates and the timing of hydrogen removal. Each strategy was simulated until the system reached a quasi-steady state (1.6×10

allowing assessment of its effectiveness in controlling pH and dissolved hydrogen levels.

Results

The results indicate that the initial dispersed injection strategy

while simple and effective in maintaining a reductive chemical environment

is only able to sustain pH regulation for less than 5 h. Conversely

the constant-rate ammonia injection strategy enables sustained pH control but results in excessive dissolved hydrogen concentrations

necessitating an appropriate hydrogen removal scheme. The hydrogen removal-optimized constant-rate ammonia injection strategy is capable of simultaneously regulating pH and maintaining dissolved hydrogen concentrations. The ammonia injection rate is 1.64 g·s⁻

and the hydrogen removal system is initiated 1 200 s after the start of ammonia injection

with a controlled removal rate of 0.014 g·s⁻

. When the system is stable

the coolant pH

stabilizes at 6.9

with dissolved hydrogen concentrations ranging from 30 mL·kg⁻

to 35 mL·kg⁻

(Standard Temperature and Pressure，STP).

Conclusions

This study is anticipated to provide valuable insights for the development of new reactor types and the optimization of water chemistry control strategies.

关键词

Keywords

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