新型分布式X射线管屏蔽结构研究

唐华平; 陈志强; 李国宇; 何武; 王彪; 赖生

doi:10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250040

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新型分布式X射线管屏蔽结构研究

加速器技术、射线技术及应用 | 更新时间：2026-02-13

- 新型分布式X射线管屏蔽结构研究
- The shielding design of distributed X-ray tube
- 核技术 2026年49卷第2期文章编号：020201
- 作者机构：
  
  1.清华大学工程物理系北京 100084
  2.新鸿电子有限公司常州 213000
- 作者简介：
  
  唐华平，男，1976年出生，2002年于清华大学获硕士学位，研究领域为电子直线加速器和碳纳米阴极X射线源
  陈志强，E-mail：czq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(12327809)
- DOI：10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250040
  中图分类号： TL99
- 收稿：2025-01-23，
  
  修回：2025-09-01，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-15
- 稿件说明：
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唐华平,陈志强,李国宇等.新型分布式X射线管屏蔽结构研究[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020201.

TANG Huaping,CHEN Zhiqiang,LI Guoyu,et al.The shielding design of distributed X-ray tube[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020201.
唐华平,陈志强,李国宇等.新型分布式X射线管屏蔽结构研究[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020201. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250040. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250040.

TANG Huaping,CHEN Zhiqiang,LI Guoyu,et al.The shielding design of distributed X-ray tube[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020201. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250040. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250040.

摘要

不同于传统单焦点X射线管的结构特征，分布式多焦点X射线管的辐射防护和屏蔽设计需要开展针对性研究。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟计算方法对分布式多焦点X射线管的辐射场和屏蔽结构进行模拟和研究，模拟计算结果表明分布式多焦点X射线源具有线源特性，提出了各屏蔽面特别是沿焦点分布方向采用均匀厚度的屏蔽体设计方法。通过模拟各屏蔽面在不同屏蔽厚度下的漏剂量率水平，设计了一款各面分别为5~6 mm等厚的铅屏蔽结构并与X射线管装配，在阳极高压160 kV、阳极电流15 mA条件下，开展漏剂量率测试与屏蔽性能评估。结果表明，对新型分布式X射线管，在各屏蔽面特别是焦点分布方向上采用均一厚度的屏蔽设计是可行的；各点位的实际测量与蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果偏差小于25%，偏小为主，一致性较好；漏剂量率较大的点位在前下中部和后下中部，分别为2.4 μGy·h

-1

和2.92 μGy·h

-1

，顶底和左右的漏剂量率分别低于2 μGy·h

-1

和1 μGy·h

-1

；X射线管采用各面均匀厚度的屏蔽结构后，各点位的漏剂量率均满足低于5 μGy·h

-1

的漏剂量率限值要求。

Abstract

Background

Different from traditional single-focus X-ray tubes

distributed X-ray tubes with multiple focal spots require targeted research on radiation protection and shielding design.

Purpose

This study aims to design and validate an effective shielding structure for distributed X-ray tube with uniform thickness to ensure radiation safety.

Methods

Firstly

Monte Carlo simulation was performed to analyze the radiation field characteristics of a 45-focal-spot distributed X-ray tube operating at 160 kV anode voltage and 15 mA anode current. Then

the leakage dose rates were calculated for lead shielding thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 6 mm on all shielding surfaces. Finally

a shielding structure with uniform thickness of 5~6 mm on each surface was designed and assembled with the X-ray tube for experimental validation.

Results

The simulation results show that the distributed X-

ray source exhibits line-source characteristics. The designed shielding structure with uniform thickness of 5~6 mm lead on each surface achieves leakage dose rates below 5 μGy·h

-1

at all measurement points. The deviation between simulation and actual measurements is consistently below 25%

with most measured values being lower than simulated ones. The highest leakage rates of 2.4 μGy·h

-1

and 2.92 μGy·h

-1

occur at the front lower middle and rear lower middle positions

respectively

which is consistent with the line-source characteristics and reflection target structure.

Conclusions

The uniform thickness shielding design proposed in this study is feasible and effective for distributed X-ray tubes. The Monte Carlo simulation method can reliably guide the shielding structure design

and all measurement points meet the radiation protection requirement of leakage dose rate below 5 μGy·h

-1

关键词

Keywords

references

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