核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量

秦来来; 夏正海; 谷韶中; 马玉华; 邓珂; 刘佳煜; 马兆伟; 张钦; 杨果; 卫飞; 吴胜伟; 包广粮; 刘桂民; 刘卫

doi:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.100604

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核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量

核能科学与工程 | 更新时间：2021-05-19

- 核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量
- Measurement of atmospheric tritium in different chemical forms in the vicinity of nuclear facilities
- 核技术 2018年41卷第10期文章编号：100604
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院大学北京 100049
  2.中国科学院上海应用物理研究所嘉定园区上海 201800
  3.中核核电运行管理有限公司环境应急处海盐 314300
  4.上海科技大学上海 200031
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "秦来来, 男, 1990年出生, 2013年毕业于南京航空航天大学, 现为博士研究生, 研究领域为大气中多形态氚的测量", "QIN Lailai, male, born in 1990, graduated from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2013, doctoral student, focusing on the measure atmospheric tritium" ]
  吴胜伟, E-mail:wushengwei@sinap.ac.cn WU Shengwei, E-mail:wushengwei@sinap.ac.cn
  刘桂民, E-mail:liuguimin@sinap.ac.cn LIU Guimin, E-mail:liuguimin@sinap.ac.cn
  刘卫, E-mail:liuwei@sinap.ac.cn LIU Wei, E-mail:liuwei@sinap.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.100604
  中图分类号： TL99
- 收稿日期：2018-02-07，
  
  修回日期：2018-06-02，
  
  纸质出版日期：2018-10-10
- 稿件说明：
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秦来来, 夏正海, 谷韶中, 等. 核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量[J]. 核技术, 2018,41(10):100604

Lailai QIN, Zhenghai XIA, Shaozhong GU, et al. Measurement of atmospheric tritium in different chemical forms in the vicinity of nuclear facilities[J]. Nuclear techniques, 2018, 41(10): 100604
秦来来, 夏正海, 谷韶中, 等. 核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量[J]. 核技术, 2018,41(10):100604 DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.100604.

Lailai QIN, Zhenghai XIA, Shaozhong GU, et al. Measurement of atmospheric tritium in different chemical forms in the vicinity of nuclear facilities[J]. Nuclear techniques, 2018, 41(10): 100604 DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2018.hjs.41.100604.

摘要

大气中氚主要以氚化水（HTO）、氚化氢（HT）以及氚化甲烷（CH

T）的形态存在，其危害与其化学形态相关。为了准确评价核设施周围大气中不同化学形态的氚水平，基于高温催化氧化和低温冷阱捕集的原理，建立了一套适用于核设施周围大气中多形态氚的取样及测量方法，并对秦山核电站周围大气中不同形态氚进行了初步测量。该方法中催化剂在大气环境下对HT和CH

T的催化氧化效率≥ 99%，冷阱对水样的收集效率≥ 95%，具备了同时采集和测量HTO、HT和CH

T的功能。基于秦山核电站周围大气中氚的初步测量结果发现：秦山核电站周围大气中存在HTO、CH

T和HT三种形态的氚，且HTO

HT，CH

T和HT浓度与环境本底水平相当，由此表明，建立的取样和测量方法有较高的灵敏度，可以用于核设施周边大气中环境水平氚的采样测量。

Abstract

Background

Tritium in the atmosphere exists mainly as tritiated water (HTO)

tritiated hydrogen (HT) and tritiated methane (CH

T). Radiation hazard of tritium is related to its chemical form. Atmospheric tritium in these three chemical forms should be measured simultaneously in the vicinity of nuclear facilities.

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the level of atmospheric tritium in these three chemical forms accurately.

Methods

Based on the principle of high temperature catalytic oxidation and low temperature cold trap collection

a novel atmospheric tritium sampling system and measurement method were developed. Catalytic efficiencies for hydrogen and methane at different temperatures were measured. Concentrations of hydrogen and methane that needed were evaluated. And the concentrations of atmospheric tritium in the vicinity of Qinshan nuclear power plant (QNPP) were preliminary measured.

Results

Catalytic efficiencies for hydrogen and methane by using self-developed atmospheric sampling system could up to be about 99%

and water vapor collecting efficiency could be more than 95%. The concentrations of atmospheric tritium in the vicinity of QNPP

displayed in a decreasing order

were HTO

T and HT.

Conclusion

The novel atmospheric tritium sampling system had the ability to collect HTO

HT and CH

T simultaneously. Atmospheric tritium in forms of HTO

HT and CH

T were firstly measured in the vicinity of QNPP. The concentrations of HT and CH

T measured were comparable to the background levels

which indicated that the sampling system and measurement method in this paper had a very high sensitivity and could be applied to atmospheric tritium sampling within environmental levels in different forms.

关键词

Keywords

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