The formation of the complex optimum surface layer on H13 steel by C
V and V+C dual implantation has been studied. The fine crystal grains and new phases in steel were observed by TEM.Both grain boundary and dislocation strengthening was enhanced. It was found from the Auger analysis that the concentrations of C and V were 50% and 30% respectively
and therefore the solid solution strengthening appeared.It was seen from X-ray diffractions that the dispersion strengthening phases Fe2C
Fe5C2 FeV and V2C were formed.The diffraction peaks of these phases were increasing after annealing
indicating that the phases were growing.Hardness and wear resistance of the implanted layers were greatly increased because of the formation of these phases
especially V2C.The amorphous layers were also observed by TEM.