Papers concerning the application of atomic force microscope (AFM) to the study of polymeric membranes were reviewed. AFM has been used to study such characteristics of membranes as pore size
pore size distribution
pore structure
surface roughness
nodules on the membrane surface
surface general morphology
mechanism of membrane fouling and the choice of membrane material. AFM
as a novel and effective physical method
still has potential on the examination of polymeric membranes.