最新刊期
      卷 45 ， 期 2 ， 2022

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “合肥光源实验数据管理系统，有效提升用户实验与数据处理效率，为同步辐射光源研究提供新方向。”
        LIN Guang,ZHANG Dadi,ZHANG Zhen,HE Bo,SUN Xiaokang,LIU Gongfa
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020101(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020101
        摘要：BackgroundHefei Light Source (HLS-II) is a dedicated synchrotron radiation source with featured the characteristics spectrum in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-rays regions. The user's experiment efficiency and data processing efficiency are the principal indicators of HLS-II operation.PurposeThis study aims to develop an experimental data management system based on SciCat to improve the user's experimental and data processing efficiency.MethodsAs the core component of HLS-II experimental data management system, the metadata system was designed and developed within the framework of SciCat, an open source metadata catalog framework used to realize the unified management of the whole life cycle of experimental data of large scientific devices. Data acquisition service, metadata system, file storage system and data analysis platform were integrated into SciCat, and the hierarchical data format 5 (HDF5) was adopted as the standard experimental data format. Interface between existing user service systems and SciCat was implemented to achieve the management of the whole experiment and experimental data lifecycle, including user authentication, proposal application, expert approval, machine time schedule, data acquisition, data storage, data analysis and data publication.Results & ConclusionsThe system has been deployed and functionally tested at the soft X-ray microscopy experimental station of HLS-II, satisfying all design requirements.  
        关键词：HLS-II;SciCat;Experimental data;Whole lifecycle management;Metadata catalogue   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在高能同步辐射光源和北京正负电子对撞机改造工程中，研制了一套束流位置探测器自动标定系统。该系统能够全自动化完成探头标定，满足应用需求，达到预期功能。在全部范围内标定，BPM精度可达40微米，在局部线性区标定，BPM精度可达7微米。”
        TANG Xuhui,HE Jun,YUE Junhui,WEI Shujun,DU Yaoyao,MA Huizhou,LIU Zhi,YANG Jing,GAO Guodong,CAO Jianshe,WANG Anxin,SUI Yanfeng,YE Qiang
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020102(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020102
        摘要：BackgroundBeam position monitor (BPM) is an important beam measurement component of accelerators, and it generally needs to be calibrated before online operating. High energy photon source (HEPS) and upgrade of Beijing electron positron collider (BEPCII) will need a large amount of BPM, which brings challenges to the calibration work.PurposeThis study aims to design and implement an automatic BPM calibration system for raising calibration efficiency and improving the accuracy of BPM measurement after calibration.MethodsFirst of all, an analog beam generating device, precision motion and support device, signal processing electronics and industrial computer were employed to compose the hardware of the calibration system. Then, the control software was programmed by Python to realize automation of the calibration, and the binary polynomial regression algorithm was used to determine the probe calibration coefficient. Finally, the appropriate calibration parameters were optimized by the combination experiments with sufficient raw data, and the influence of calibration range, number of calibration points and fitting order on calibration accuracy were analyzed.ResultsThe calibration system can automatically complete the BPM probe calibration. The BPM accuracy can reach 40 μm over the entire calibration range, and 7 μm in the local linear region.ConclusionsThe calibration system of this study meets application requirements and achieves the expected function. The measurement accuracy of the calibrated BPM is related to factors such as the order of the polynomial, the calibration range and the selection of calibration points.  
        关键词：Beam position monitor;Automatic calibration system;EPICS;Data analysis   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        ACCELERATOR, RAY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “兰州大学研发新型快中子成像探测器，通过模拟优化硅微通道板结构，提高转换效率和空间分辨率。”
        HU Zhiming,LIU Changqi,MA Zhanwen,GUO Zhiqi,YAO Zeen
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020201(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020201
        摘要：BackgroundA fast neutron image detector developed by Lanzhou University is composed of polyethylene converter, lead glass microchannel plate and charge coupled device (CCD) camera. In order to further improve the spatial resolution of the detector, a silicon microchannel plate (Si-MCP) is proposed as both converter and multiplier.PurposeThis study aims to improve the conversion efficiency and spatial resolution of Si-MCP by simulation design.MethodsFirst of all, Monte Carlo code Geant4 was employed to build the simulation model of a Si-MCP and neutron source. Then, the conversion efficiency and the spatial resolution of the Si-MCP for 14 MeV fast neutrons in various geometrical configurations were simulated. Finally, geometric structure of Si MCP was optimized, and the geometric parameters of Si MCP were determined by analyzing the simulation results.ResultsThe simulation results indicate that the conversion efficiency of the Si-MCP increases with its thickness. The spatial resolution mainly depends on the thickness and bias angle of the plate. When the plate thickness is 1 mm, the micropore diameter is 10 μm, the wall thickness is 10 μm, and the bias angle is 2°, a conversion efficiency of 0.15% with a spatial resolution of 43 μm can be achieved. Double layer Si MCP detection system with V-type superposition structure can be adopted to achieve 0.31% conversion efficiency for 14 MeV fast neutrons.ConclusionsThe calculation results can provide reference for the design of the Si-MCP in fast neutron image detector.  
        关键词：Silicon microchannel plate;Fast neutron imaging;Conversion efficiency;Spatial resolution   
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      • “在X射线荧光光谱分析领域，专家提出了多重Sallen-Key谱线处理技术，有效抑制噪声，提高痕量核素含量测量精度。”
        CHEN Wei,ZHOU Jianbin,FANG Fang,HONG Xu,WAN Wenjie,YU Jie,WANG Huaiping
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020202(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020202
        摘要：BackgroundIn the measurement of trace nuclides, the characteristic peaks are easily partly or completely obstructed by the background.PurposeThis study aims to apply multiple Sallen-Key (MSK) filter to the trace nuclides in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) energy spectrum, and verify its application in rice cadmium content analysis.MethodsFirst of all, the principle of MSK filter and implementation method for XRF spectrum processing were introduced in details. The cadmium content in rice standard sample based on GB5009 15-2014 was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, the MSK filter compared with multiple Gaussian filter were applied to the XRF spectrum smoothing for the analysis of cadmium content in rice standard samples. Finally, linear calibration and analysis of standard samples were performed to verify the effectiveness of MSK method.ResultsThe comparison between MSK and multiple Gaussian filter shows that MSK has less smoothing times and higher code execution efficiency under the same smoothing effect. The error analysis between the content value obtained by MSK method and the content value obtained by GB5009.15-2014 method shows that MSK method can reduce the measurement error of sample.ConclusionThe MSK technique proposed in this study can effectively suppress the noise in the nuclear energy spectrum and improve the accuracy of the measurement of trace nuclides.  
        关键词：Trace Element;High background;Cadmium rice;MSK smoothing;Digital Sallen-Key filter   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • “最新研究揭示了主观认知下降、轻度认知障碍和阿尔兹海默病在脑血流灌注方面的差异，并验证了SPECT/CT脑血流灌注显像联合NeuroGamTM软件在诊断这三种疾病中的潜在应用价值。”
        LEI Zhe,WU Han,OU Yinghui,XU Qian,SHI Xin,SHI Keqing,ZHAO Qianhua,DING Jing,YIN You,WANG Xiuzhe,LIU Xueyuan,LOU Jingjing,LIU Xingdang
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020301(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020301
        摘要：BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are a transitional state between normal aging and mild dementia, and most of them have potential Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Studying the pathophysiological characteristics of SCD and MCI is helpful to the early diagnosis of AD.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the brain perfusion differences among SCD, MCI and AD, and to evaluate the application value of brain perfusion SPECT/CT imaging combined with NeuroGamTM software in these diseases.MethodsFrom July 2020 to April 2021, 15 patients with SCD, 29 patients with MCI and 36 patients with AD were collected from several general hospitals in Shanghai. All subjects underwent neuropsychological test and 99mTc-ECD brain perfusion SPECT/CT imaging. The perfusion levels of Brodmann areas (BA) in the three groups were semi-quantitatively analyzed by NeuroGamTM, and compared with normal database. Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance and rank sum test were used for the comparison of quantitative variables. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables.ResultsThere is no significant difference in BA 4~11, 17~25, 28, 31~32, 36~40 and 44~47 between SCD group and MCI group. The mean perfusion values of BA 8-right(R), 20-left(L), 21R, 23L, 23R, 24L, 31L, 38L, 38R and 45R in SCD group are significantly higher than those in AD group (p<0.016 7). The mean perfusion values of BA 21R, 23R, 23R, 31L and 39L of MCI group are significantly higher than those in AD group (p<0.016 7). Compared with the normal database, SCD group show hypoperfusion in BA 24L, 24R, 28L and 28R whilst MCI group show hypoperfusion in BA 21L, 21R, 23R, 24L, 24R, 25L, 25R, 28L, 28R, 36L, 36R, 38R and 47L, and AD group show hypoperfusion in BA 21L, 21R, 22L, 23L, 23R, 24L, 24R, 25R, 28L, 28R, 32L, 32R, 36L, 36R, 47L.ConclusionsThere are differences in the degree and range of hypoperfusion in SCD, MCI and AD. Brain perfusion SPECT/CT imaging combined with NeuroGamTM software has certain application value in these diseases and can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.  
        关键词：Alzheimer's disease;Mild cognitive impairment;Subjective cognitive decline;Cerebral blood flow perfusion;Single photon emission computer tomography   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • “在电离辐射探测领域，专家设计了一款微弱电离电流测量电路，有效量程为10^-13~10^-8 A，相对误差小于3%，为辐射防护提供解决方案。”
        ZHAO Xu,NI Ning,ZHANG Qingxian,GAO Fei,HU Qian
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020401(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020401
        摘要：BackgroundWeak ionization current measurement is often needed in ionizing radiation detection, it is a great challenge due to extreme weak signal to be measured. Various types of interference sources need to be overcome for a wide measurement range.PurposeThis study aims to complete the measurement of weak current signal output from ionization chamber for radiation protection.MethodsFirst of all, a wide-range weak ionization current measurement circuit based on current-frequency conversion method was designed to convert the weak current signal into a voltage signal by a current integrator. Then the trigger logic signal was produced by the threshold discrimination circuit and the reset circuit composed of two high-speed comparators. Finally, the pulse frequency signal was output by the Monostable trigger circuit to calculate the current, and the Keithley 6430 standard current source was employed in experimental test.ResultsExperimental results of designed weak current measuring circuit show that the effective measurement range is 10-13~10-8 A. The relative error of current measurement is less than 3%. Under the 137Cs reference radiation field, the relative error of the dose rate measurement for the high pressure ionization chamber detector used for on-site monitoring is better than 5.9%.ConclusionsWeak current measuring circuit proposed in this study is applicable to most of ionization chamber for radiation protection.  
        关键词：Current frequency conversion;Weak current measurement;Wide range;High pressure ionization chamber   
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      • “在核材料计量领域，专家研制出热流型双杯量热计，实现瓦功率量级放射性核素质量的高效测量，测量精度优于0.2%。”
        LIU Lifei,WU Chao,HU Shilin,LYU Weixing,REN Ying,YIN Wenxu
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020402(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020402
        摘要：BackgroundAccurate mass measurement of radionuclides can be achieved by calorimetry which is considered to be one of the most convenient and accurate non-destructive analytical methods for nuclear materials.PurposeThis study aims to develop a radionuclide calorimeter for efficient measurement of radionuclides bearing samples of specially designed container size and power range.MethodsFirst of all, a dual-compensated heat-flow calorimeter was designed and developed by precise component instruments selection, structural optimization and reasonable selection and manufacture of key temperature difference sensors. Then, automatic measurement and control method was combined to solve the key technical difficulties of calorimetry. Finally, an electrothermal source sample was adopted to test performance of the developed calorimeter.ResultsExperimental test results show that the measurement precision is within 0.2% in steady-state equilibrium mode. The deviation between measured result and input power is within 5% when the input power is set to 30 mW.ConclusionsThe developed radionuclide calorimeter can be used to measure thermal power at watts magnitude.  
        关键词：Calorimeter;Structure design;Equilibrium mode;Performance test   
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      • “在核物理与核技术实验领域，EJ299-33A塑料闪烁体探测器可鉴别中子、γ射线及带电粒子，精确确定康普顿边沿位置，研究探测器有效中子探测阈。”
        WANG Dexin,ZHANG Suyalatu,HU Xinrong,REN Jie,HONG Lan,WANG Jincheng,SONG Na,WANG Hongwei,HUANG Meirong,TANG Xin,LI Li,BAI Gala,NIU Dandan
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020403(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020403
        摘要：[Backgound] The light output response function of the scintillator detector affects its detection efficiency, threshold and its future application prospects. EJ299-33A is a plastic scintillator with pulse shape discrimination properties (PSD). It can be used for the identification of neutrons, γ and charged particles in nuclear physics and nuclear technique experiments.PurposeThis study aims to achieve the energy calibration of EJ299-33A plastic scintillator, and obtain its spectrum-dose conversion G(E) function.MethodsFirst of all, a set of detector and nuclear electronics system was built by using multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer (MCA) and a EJ299-33A plastic scintillator. Then, the light output spectrum of EJ299-33A detector was experimentally measured with standard γ source 137Cs and 60Co, and Geant4 Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the experiments. Finally, the electron energy calibration of the detector was carried out by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data to accurately determine the position of Compton edge, and neutron detection threshold was further studied by using the energy calibration of detector.Results & ConclusionsThe light responses of the EJ299-33A detector to 15 different γ energies in the range of 200 keV∼3 MeV are calculated with Geant4. The spectrum-dose converted function G(E) is obtained according to the light output results and the theoretical value of air absorbed dose.  
        关键词：EJ299-33A;Light output;Energy calibration;Neutron detection threshold;Energy spectrum-dose conversion function   
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        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • “氯化物熔盐靶基质提高238Pu生产效率，纯度超98%，年产量0.8kg。”
        LIU Xiaolin,ZHOU Bo,ZOU Yang,YAN Rui,XU Hongjie,CHEN Liang
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020601(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020601
        摘要：Background238Pu is widely used in the aviation field as the heat source of radioisotope thermal generators (RTGS). It can be produced in a new type molten salt reactor with chloride molten salt target, which has the advantages in terms of economy.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the production of 238Pu in the thermal neutron irradiation channel of the new type molten salt fast reactor.MethodsAccording to the core physical calculation model of new type molten salt fast reactor, standardized computer analyses for licensing evaluation version 6.1 (SCALE6.1) program was employed to analyze the effects of different target matrix and target parameters on the 238Pu production performance, and calculate the 237Np reaction cross sections, target insertion reactivity effect and the concentration of 236Pu in different irradiation channels. The purity and yield of 238Pu with the irradiation time were calculated in details.ResultsThe results show that the 237Np conversion rate of NpCl4 molten salt target matrix is high, and the 237Np utilization rate can be improved by reducing the target radius. The 236Pu concentration generated by the target in the irradiation channel can be reduced to less than 1×10-7 whilst the purity of 238Pu exceeds 98%. When the irradiation cycle is 40 d, the annual yield of 238Pu is 0.8 kg, and the conversion rate of 237Np reaches 99.4%.ConclusionsTherefore, using chloride molten salt target to produce 238Pu in the new type molten salt fast reactor can obtain the high purity of 238Pu and 237Np conversion rate and low concentration of 236Pu.  
        关键词：New type molten salt fast reactor;238Pu isotope production;Irradiation channel;236Pu impurity concentration   
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      • “核数据不确定性分析对反应堆安全至关重要，专家利用SCALE6.1程序包建立BEAVRS模型，分析了不同燃料富集度、温度对keff的影响。”
        QIN Kaiwen,YANG Bo,LIU Yibao,ZHANG Jieru,HAO Pengfei,LIU Haojie
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020602(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020602
        摘要：BackgroundThe uncertainty calculation of nuclear data plays an important role in reactor core physics.PurposeThis study aims to search nuclear reaction cross section that has the greatest influence on keff calculation results so as to reduce engineering conservative margin and improve reactor safety.MethodFirst of all, BEAVRS (Benchmark for Evaluation and Validation of Reactor Debris) physical model of first-cycle thermal zero-power core was established by using KENO module in SCALE6.1 program. Then the TSUNAMI-3D module was used to analyze the influence of the sensitivity and uncertainty of keff on the conditions of different fuel enrichment and different temperature.ResultsThe results show that the total uncertainty of the BEAVRS model nuclear data to keff is 0.501 6% whilst the maximum sensitivity coefficient is 0.926 58, which is caused by the average fission neutron yield of 235U, and the largest contribution to the keff uncertainty is the 238U(n,γ) reaction cross section, accounting for 0.298 14%. The uncertainty of keff increases with the increase of the uncertainty of the 238U(n,γ) reaction cross section when the fuel enrichment degree decreases and the temperature rises.ConclusionsTherefore, attention should be paid to the 238U(n,γ) reaction cross-section information during the physical calculation of the reactor core.  
        关键词：BEAVRS model;keff;Sensitivity;Uncertainty;238U(n,γ) reaction cross section   
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      • “在磁约束核聚变研究领域，提出了负离子源中性束注入系统电偏转器的概念设计方案，确定了其结构和热负荷分布，为工程设计提供参考。”
        LI Chao,LIANG Lizhen,SHI Chao,YI Wei,XIE Yahong,XIE Yuanlai,HU Chundong
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020603(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020603
        摘要：BackgroundNegative ion source based on neutral beam injector is an important auxiliary heating and current driving system for the China Fusion Experimental Test Reactor (CFETR). Due to the high beam energy and large beam spot of negative ion based neutral beam injection system (NNBI), electrical deflection of residual ions has become the preferred scheme for residual ion dumping.PurposeThis study aims at the conceptual design of NNBI electrostatic residual ion dump system to deflect residual ions for neutralization of the beam.MethodsAccording to the development objectives of NNBI, three polar plates and two channels were adopted for the conceptual design of electrostatic residual ion dump (ERID). A negative voltage was applied to the intermediate plate to form a deflection electric field between the channels. When the mixed beam passed through the deflection channel, the residual ions were deflected to the panel due to the action of electric field force. Through theoretical calculation and beam deposition simulation, the structure of the ERID and more uniform heat load distribution on its surface were preliminarily determined.Results & ConclusionsThe simulation results show that the ERID can deflect the residual ions under the parameter design, providing a reference for future engineering design.  
        关键词：Negative ion source;Neutral beam injector;Electrostatic residual ion dump   
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      • “在核电领域，专家提出数据监控与可视化技术方案，为智慧核电发展提供参考。”
        LIU Wenqian,HAN Lifeng,HUANG Li,YANG Zhenghan
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020604(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020604
        摘要：BackgroundThere are some defects, such as inconsistent data interface and poor digital expression degree of equipment status in the current nuclear power operation and management system.PurposeIn order to meet the future needs of smart nuclear power, a complete set of data monitoring and visualization technical scheme is proposed in this study by combining the digital twin theory with real-time data docking technology and graphical visualization means.MethodsFirstly, the digital mapping model of simulated molten salt reactor was established, and the model docking and virtual scene rendering were completed in unity engine. Then, the data association between time and space was achieved on the basis of Node-EPICS event-driven and Socket.io. Finally, the visualization method of centralized display of real-time data based on XCharts visualization framework was implemented for the data monitoring system of simulated Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel (TMSR-SF0) to ensure the interpretability of data and facilitate the real-time analysis of data.ResultsPractical verification results show that the effective technical support for the development of data monitoring system of TMSR-SF0 is provided by this scheme, and the data update interval accelerates to 100 ms. Functionalities, such as data collection, network communication, and dynamic display of pixels are achieved within the framework of this scheme.ConclusionsIt is helpful for operators to monitor and manage nuclear reactor online, and provides a reference for digital transformation and development of monitoring technology in nuclear power field.  
        关键词：Digital twin;Unity;Experimental physics and industrial control system;Thorium based molten salt reactor;Visualization   
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      • “钍基熔盐堆核能系统轴系演变为液下轴承支承的细长柔性转子结构，高温熔盐泵是其心脏设备。研究了不同偏心率对液下轴承支撑特性的影响，为超高温长轴熔盐泵液下轴承设计提供理论指导和试验数据支撑。”
        MA Baiqing,BAO Chunhui,LIN Liangcheng,FAN Huiqing,ZHANG Hong,CAO Yun,CAO Songlin
        Vol. 45, Issue 2, Article number: 020605(2022) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2022.hjs.45.020605
        摘要：BackgroundWith the development of thorium molten salt reactor nuclear energy system (TMSR) from experimental reactor to research, demonstration and commercial reactor, its shafting evolved into the slender flexible rotor supported by submerged bearing. High temperature molten-salt pump is the main power device of TMSR, its stability and reliability are critical to the submerged bearing support characteristics.PurposeThis study aims to analyze bearing eccentricity on support characteristics of high temperature molten-salt pump for TMSR.MethodsThe numerical simulation method in Beperf module of DyRoBeS software was used for the theoretical calculation and analysis of the submerged bearing. Combined with experimental verification, the influences of various eccentricity on the supporting characteristics of the bearing were studied.ResultsThe results show that the eccentricity of the bearing decreases with the increase of rotational speed. With the augmentation of eccentricity, the orthogonal stiffness and damping of the bearing is increasing continuously, so are the cross stiffness and damping. Conversely, the thickness of minimum liquid film reduces continuously. The bearing pressure ends up with zero and zero gradient due to the attenuation of the minimum liquid film thickness when the eccentricity is greater than 0.6.ConclusionsIt is verified that the liquid membrane invalidation brings about serious wear of the bearing in actual operation, and this study provides theoretical guidance and experimental data support for the design of the submerged bearings of ultra-high temperature long shaft molten-salt pump.  
        关键词：High temperature molten salt pump;Submerged bearing;Eccentricity;Liquid film thickness;Supporting characteristics   
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