最新刊期
      卷 42 ， 期 3 ， 2019

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在同步辐射领域，研究人员通过在Au薄膜中插入Pt间隔层，制备了新型Au-Pt薄膜，有效降低了表面粗糙度，提升了反射镜性能。”
        CHEN Jiaqi,QI Runze,FENG Yufei,HUANG Qiushi,WANG Zhanshan
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030101
        摘要：BackgroundAu coatings are widely used as mirrors in synchrotron radiation. Decreasing the surface roughness of Au coatings to reduce scattering signals is still a major difficult problem.PurposeThis paper aims to study the effect of Pt inter-layer on the surface roughness of Au coatings.MethodsBased on the research of Au coatings at home and abroad, a new type of Au-Pt coatings was prepared by inserting Pt inter-layer into Au coatings. Effects of various thickness of Pt inter-layer were evaluated by using atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Finally, IMD software was employed to calculate the reflectivitiesreflectivity of traditional Au coatings and new Au-Pt coatings based on the results of AFM measurement.ResultsAFM measurements show that when Pt inter-layer with 1 nm thickness is inserted into the Au coating at 1 nm interval. The surface roughness of this new Au-Pt coating is less than 0.3 nm, which is obviously less than that of the traditional Au coating. XRD measurement shows that the insertion of Pt layers can effectively inhibit the crystallization of Au coatings, and with the decrease of the thickness of Au film between Pt inter-layers, the crystallinity of the Au coatings decreases significantly. Compared with traditional Au coatings, the reflectivity of new Au-Pt coatings is similar, but the surface roughness of new Au-Pt coatings is smallersmaller, and the scattering signal intensity is reduced, hence the practical performance of mirrors is improved.ConclusionThis paper provides a reference for the fabrication of Au-Pt mirrors with high transmission efficiency and reflectivity for synchrotron radiation.  
        关键词：Synchrotron radiation;Magnetron sputtering;Au-Pt film;Surface roughness;Reflectivity   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        ACCELERATOR, RAY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • “在加速器主磁铁设计领域，专家基于SC200模型，利用TOSCA软件，研究了磁极切削参数对磁场的影响，并推导出求解垫补量的方法，验证了磁场垫补的可行性，为实际磁场垫补提供依据。”
        ZHOU Pengyan,SONG Yuntao,DING Kaizhong,LI Junjun
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030201
        摘要：BackgroundConsidering the nonlinearity of magnet material, the homogeneity of the material and the accuracy of the finite element numerical simulation, sufficient safety margin of the sector is left in the design of the main magnet. In order to obtain ideal isochronous magnetic field after the machining and assembling the magnet, the shimming procedure is necessary according to the actual measured magnetic field. It can ensure the safe implementation of the project.PurposeThis study aims at the magnet shimming method that is very important for the design and manufacture of the main magnet of cyclotron.MethodsFirst of all, the influence of different cutting parameters of magnet pole on the magnetic field in the middle plane was investigated by using the finite element analysis software TOSCA. Then the superposition effect of adjacent grooves on magnetic field was considered to give a numerical method for calculating the shimming value of the sectors. Result &Conclusion The feasibility of magnetic field shimming method was verified by simulation, which provides an effective basis for actual magnetic field shimming in the future.  
        关键词：Cyclotron;Isochronous field;Cutting magnetic pole;Magnetic field shimming   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在工业辐射成像领域，通过数值模拟方法建立分类学习训练集，袋装树方法对仿真数据和实际数据预测准确率分别为99.6%和81.25%。”
        CHEN Xuerui,ZHAO Zhongwei,SUN Yuewen,LI Guangchao,CONG Peng
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030202
        摘要：BackgroundAs one of the important directions of machine learning, classification learning has great potential in industrial digital radiography, which can fully exploit different types of data features. Classification learning requires a large amount of labeled training data to train the prediction models. In view of the complex conditions of industrial digital radiography, obtaining complete training set samples by practical experiments is expensive and inefficient.PurposeThis study aims to obtain complete training set data accurately and quickly by using simulation data.MethodsFirst of all, numerical method was used to generate simulation data in corresponding scene. Then the training set for classification learning was established to be trained by using prediction model based on the Bagging Trees method and the KNN method. Finally, some of simulation data were assigned as test data set, and real industrial digital radiography data were used as verification data set to evaluate prediction models.ResultsThe prediction accuracy of bagging trees method for the test set and verification set data is 99.6% and 81.25% respectively whilst KNN method for the test set and verification set data is 89.1% and 50% respectively.ConclusionThe results show that the bagging trees method has a good effect on classification learning of radiography imaging based on simulation data.  
        关键词：Digital radiography;Simulation data;Machine learning   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在加速器驱动次临界系统领域，中国专家研究了功率源功放模块损坏问题，为解决功率过荷问题提供解决方案。”
        JIN Kean,SUN Liepeng,SHI Longbo,GAO Zheng,ZHU Zhenglong,XUE Zongheng,MA Jinying,ZENG Fanjian,CHEN Qi,GONG Zheng,ZHANG Shenghu,HUANG Guirong,HE Yuan
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030203
        摘要：BackgroundC-ADS (Chinese Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System) injector II superconducting linac uses solid state amplifier (SSA) to drive normal temperature acceleration structure and superconducting cavity. During operation, some power amplifier modules of SSA were damaged due to overload of reflected power.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the reasons that caused over loading of SSA.MethodsThe relationship between the distribution of reflected power among the amplifier modules, the S parameters of power combination network, and various output states of amplifier module is derived and analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that the failure of amplifier module would cause the unbalanced of reflected power distribution among modules. Some modules would undertake the reflection above normal level.ConclusionsFor the SSA with one-stage combined net, only failure module probably undertakes over loading reflected power; for the SSA of the multi-stage combined net, any module in the combined branch where the faulty module was located may have an overload reflection.  
        关键词：SSA;Power combining net;S parameter;Reflection power   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • “在环境水分析领域，专家采用Ba（Ra）SO4共沉淀法载带水中228Ra浓缩，利用AAS和LSC测量，实现低活度228Ra较精确测量。”
        XIA Mingming,YU Guobing,WEN Deyun,GU Xianbao,WANG Yuan,LIANG Yongguang,WU Qifan,CHEN Zhi
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030301
        摘要：Background228Ra is the first decay daughter of 232Th decay chain, it is a low energy β radio-nuclide.PurposeTo analyse low activity 228Ra in environmental water.MethodsThe process of concentrating 228Ra in water is carried out using Ba(Ra)SO4 co-precipitation method. The stable Ba is measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to determine the yield of 228Ra under the carrier tape. The ultra-low background liquid scintillation spectrometer (LSC) is used to measure the Ra-concentrated samples, and more accurate and low activity analysis result were obtained.ResultsThe yield of 228Ra obtained via the Ba(Ra)SO4 co-precipitation method was in the range of 59%~90%, and the detection limit of 228Ra was 7.9 mBq·L-1 (1 L sample, measurement time t=20 h). As for two types recoveries of 228Ra, the relative deviation between 133Ba tracer method and atomic absorption spectrometry method is within 7%. The counting efficiency of LSC on 228Ra/228Ac is 72.9%. The relative deviation of the spiked water sample measurement is 1.0%~10%.ConclusionsThis method can achieve more accurate measurement of low activity 228Ra in water.  
        关键词：228Ra;LSC;Ba(Ra)SO4 co-precipitation;Yield;Atomic absorption spectroscopy   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • “在抑制束流不稳定性领域，北京正负电子对撞机二期同步模式外环上两个条带kicker的双反馈系统实验，有效缩短了阻尼时间。”
        LAN Qinghong,YIN Di,YUE Junhui,MA Huizhou,HE Jun,ZHAO Jingxia,CAO Jianshe,SUI Yanfeng
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030401
        摘要：BackgroundDigital bunch-by-bunch feedback control is the best way to control bunch instability. It will be applied to the super collider to suppress the beam oscillation within a dozen or even several cycles. The damping time of circular electron positron collider (CEPC) and FCC-ee ( Future Circle Collider e-e+ ) is very short, but it is impossible to realize through using traditional digital feedback system.PurposeThis study aims to cure the coupled-bunch instability by using a dual-feedback control system to reduce the damping time for BEPCII (Beijing Electron Positron Collider II).MethodsSeveral feedback systems operate simultaneously and act on the same time beam in storage ring can superimpose the damping effect and then reduce the damping time of the system. With the favorable condition of two stripline kicker located on the outer ring, we make a experimental research about double feedback system in BEPCII synchrotron mode. Among the double feedback system, one system is the self-make digital bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback system based commercial card, the other system is the commercial feedback system produced by the Dimtel company.ResultsThe damping time of commercial feedback system is measured as 0.93 ms, the damping time of self-make digital bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback system based commercial card is measured as 2.98 ms, and the damping time of double feedback system is measured as 0.70 ms.ConclusionsSeveral feedback systems work simultaneously can effectively reduce the damping time turn by turn.  
        关键词：Double feedback system;Damping time;Beam oscillation;Linear fitting   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • “在高温水蒸气电解制氢领域，专家建立了平板式SOEC电解池三维模型，研究了电解池尺寸对电解反应特性的影响，为提高电解池性能提供解决方案。”
        HOU Quan,GUAN Chengzhi,XIAO Guoping,WANG Jianqiang,ZHU Zhiyuan
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030501
        摘要：BackgroundThe solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stack is the core reactor of the high temperature water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production system (HTSE), which consists of several single SOECs in series. The size of the single cell restricts the electrochemical hydrogen production performance per unit area of the SOEC stack, which affects the complexity and cost of the HTSE hydrogen system.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of the electrolytic cell size on cell reaction characteristics.MethodsBased on the computational fluid dynamics software, a three-dimensional model of the electrolytic cell was established. The cell dimensions of 4 cm×4 cm, 8 cm×8 cm and 16 cm×16 cm were taken as objects for detailed analysis.ResultsThe results show that the cell size has little effect on the electrolytic performance when the working voltage is less than the thermal neutral voltage. When the water vapor content in the reactant is 70%, the electrolytic current density for an electrolytic cell with an effective area of 16 cm×16 cm, can reach 8 033 A·m-2 at an electrolysis voltage of 1.34 V and the uniformity of temperature and current density distribution in the electrolytic cell has improved.ConclusionWhen working voltage is higher than the thermal neutral voltage, the larger the electrolytic cell size, the greater the electrolytic current density. However, the uniformity of the temperature and current density distribution in SOEC deteriorates, and there is a clear gradient distribution as the size increases. By appropriately reducing the H2O reaction ratio, the temperature and current density gradients caused by the increase in size can be overcome.  
        关键词：High-temperature steam electrolysis;Solid oxide electrolysis cell;Cell size;Three-dimensional model;Computational fluid dynamics   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在城市化进程中，北京大气放射性水平变化研究取得新进展。通过对树木年轮放射性活度测量，分析了北京市大气放射性水平的变化趋势。研究发现，房山区树木年轮中14C活度浓度逐年下降，210Pb活度浓度先增后降；清华大学西门附近树木年轮中210Pb活度浓度无明显变化规律。研究为理解城市化对大气放射性水平的影响提供了重要参考。”
        WU Yongle,TAN Bin,LIU Qiaofeng,HOU Jie,YANG Bin,YUE Huiguo,LIU Jiacheng
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030502
        摘要：BackgroundWith the development of urbanization and industrialization, the ways of energy consumption and lifestyle of normal people have changed dramatically. The problem of air pollution has become increasingly prominent and has attracted widespread attention, but few studies have been reported on the effects of atmospheric radioactivity.PurposeThis study aims at the changes of atmospheric radioactivity levels in Beijing during industrialization and urbanization by analysis of the radioactivity concentrations of 14C and 210Pb in tree rings in two areas of Beijing.MethodsDendrochronology was applied to reconstruction the historical concentration of 210Pb and 14C in the atmosphere of Beijing. The activity concentration of 210Pb and 14C in tree rings was measured by well-HPGe γ spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry, respectively.ResultsThe activity concentration of 14C in poplar rings near Zicaowu in Fangshan District decreased gradually since 1977. The activity concentration of 210Pb in the rings shows an increasing trend from 1977 to 1985, followed a downward trend year by year. The activity concentration of 210Pb in phoenix tree rings near the west gates of Tsinghua University does not increase with the development of industrialization and urbanization of Beijing. On the contrary, it decreases gradually since 2007.ConclusionsOne of the main reasons for the trend of 14C activity concentration is that a large amount of carbon dioxide releases into the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels during the industrialization process, and the activityconcentration of 14C is diluted. The change of the activity concentration of 210Pb in the tree rings in Fangshan district may be caused by the petrochemical processing company nearby. There is no large fossil fuel consumption plant near the West gate of Tsinghua University, which could reflect the changes of the activity concentration of 210Pb in the local atmosphere.  
        关键词：Atmospheric radioactivity;Industrialization and urbanization;Tree rings;14C;210Pb   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • “在反应堆设计领域，核数据不确定度对反应性参数影响显著。利用SCALE程序和协方差数据库，分析了熔盐实验堆反应性参数，为核反应堆设计提供重要参考。”
        HU Jifeng,WANG Xiaohe,LI Wenjiang,LI Xiaoxiao,HAN Jianlong
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030601
        摘要：BackgroundUncertainty analysis is an essential and mandatory work for reactor design. Nuclear data is an important origin of uncertainty in reactivity parameters.PurposeThis study aims to obtain and analyze the uncertainty of reactivity parameters and the more significant nuclear data of molten salt experiment reactor.MethodsThe transport rigor implemented with time-dependent operation for neutronic depletion (TRITON), tools for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methodology implementation in three dimensions (TSUNAMI-3D) and tool for sensitivity analysis of reactivity responses (TSAR) modules of SCALE code are combined with its 44-group covariance data library to analyze the uncertainties of keff at the beginning of life (BOL) and the end of life (EOL), control rod worth (CRW) and temperature coefficients (TC) for molten salt experiment reactor, etc.ResultsThe uncertainties are 522×10-5 and 506×10-5 for keff at BOL and EOL, and 96.70×10-5, 8.90×10-5 for CRW and TC respectively.ConclusionThe analysis for sensitivity coefficients and covariation data shows that the reaction data of 235U(ν¯), (n,γ), 238U(n,γ), C-graphite (n,el), 7Li(n,γ), 239Pu(ν¯), (n,f) and 135Xe(n,γ) are more significant for keff uncertainty, and 19F(n,el), 58Ni(n,γ), 6Li(n,t) are important for uncertainties of CRW and TC.  
        关键词：Molten salt experiment reactor;Nuclear data;Reactivity;Uncertainty and sensitivity   
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      • “在核电厂辐射防护领域，我国研发了具有自主知识产权的RShieldMC软件，验证了其在中子注量率计算中的可用性及正确性。”
        HAN Jingru,SHI Shengchun,XU Chong,WANG Hongkai,ZUO Jiaxu,JING Jianping
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030602
        摘要：BackgroundRadiation shielding calculation is one of the important contents in nuclear power plant radiation protection design and evaluation. The international shield calculation software implements the "export blockade" on China, which limits the calculation ability of radiation shielding audit.PurposeThis study aims to develop a dedicate radiation shielding software and verify its validity and correctness in neutron flux calculation.MethodsFirst of all, based on Monte-Carlo method, a radiation shielding software, named RShieldMC, was developed. Then the measurement data of Qinshan radiation monitoring tube was used for the code verification. The Qinshan No.1 nuclear plant was modeled via visual modeling software of RShieldMC. The neutron flux of the mid-plane and upper weld in the radiation monitoring tube were calculated by using RShieldMC code.ResultsThe calculated results of RShieldMC are in good consistency with the measured values of the radiation monitoring tube test. In addition, the results were also compared with that of MCNP （Monte Carlo N-Particle）, JMCT-S （J Monte Carlo transport） and TORT （Three-dimensional Neutron/Photon Transport） programs.ConclusionThe consistency of the experimental results demonstrates the applicability of RShieldMC in the calculation of neutron flux in PWR.  
        关键词：Shielding;RShieldMC;Irradiation surveillance capsule   
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        发布时间：2024-10-25
      • “在铅铋冷却反应堆燃料领域，研究了U-Zr合金燃料与铅铋合金的静态相容性，为燃料论证及设计提供重要依据。”
        ZHANG Xiang,PAN Xiaoqiang,LIU Chaohong,YANG Jing,ZENG Qiang
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030603
        摘要：BackgroundLead-bismuth is the advanced reactor coolant. The corrosion compatibility between U-Zr alloy fuel and liquid lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) is the important basis for fuel verification and design of LBE cooled reactor.PurposeThis study aims at the corrosion mechanism and compatibility of U-Zr alloy and liquid lead-bismuth eutectic alloy.MethodsExperimental temperature was set at 600 ºC and heat preserved for 1 000 h, the corrosion compatibility and interfacial reaction of U-Zr alloy fuel with liquid lead (bismuth) alloy were investigated by both the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD).ResultsThe results show U-Zr alloy was eroded more or less after long-term interaction with bismuth, lead, LBE, lead-tin and lead-tin. The order of erosion degree is as Bi>Pb-Bi>Pb-Bi-Sn＞Pb≈Pb-Sn. The depth of U-Zr alloy eroded by liquid coolant reached the millimeter level.ConclusionsThe corrosion mechanism of U-Zr alloy is a comprehensive process of dissolution and eutectic formation of intermetallic compounds. Intermetallic compounds UPb3 and UBi2,can be formed by the interaction of uranium with lead and bismuth, respectively. The degree of U-Zr alloy erosion depends on the solubility and the eutectic reaction rate of U, Zr in the coolant.  
        关键词：U-Zr alloy fuel;Lead-bismuth eutectic alloy;Compatibility;Diffusion couple;Corrosion mechanism   
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      • “在核能领域，专家基于MCNP程序，系统研究了熔盐堆堆芯物理特性参数，为液态燃料钍基熔盐堆设计提供理论参考。”
        YU Shihe,LI Xiaoxiao,LIU Yafen,KANG Xuzhong,YANG Pu,JI Ruimin,ZHU Guifeng,ZHOU Bo,YAN Rui,ZOU Yang
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030604
        摘要：BackgroundMolten salt reactor (MSR) adopts molten fluoride salt mixture as fuel. The neutronic features of MSR are different from those of traditional solid-fuel reactors duel to specific nuclear fuels.PurposeThis study aims at the effects of core parameters on reactor physics of MSR. Parameters include core size, fuel volume fraction, fuel concentration, fuel salt penetration and so on.MethodsMolten-salt reactor experiment (MSRE) of Oak ridge national laboratory (ORNL) was taken as the reference reactor and the calculation was completed by using MCNP (Monte Carlo N particle transport code).ResultsThe calculation results show that with the increase of core size, the critical mass of core has a minimum value. With the increase of fuel volume fraction, the critical mass of fuel salt loop system first decreases and then increases, and the absolute value of fuel temperature coefficient decreases firstly and then increases. The effect of fuel salt penetration on core reactivity is consistent with that fuel volume fraction increment.ConclusionsThis study provides basic theoretical reference for the design of thorium molten salt reactor-liquid fuel (TMSR-LF1).  
        关键词：Molten salt reactor;MSRE;Core physical parameters;Critical parameters   
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      • “在超临界水通道内，通过ANSYS CFX软件模拟，采用κ-ε模型预测湍流变化，研究了不同粒径颗粒的运动沉积特性。发现颗粒浓度在不同入口温度下呈现“M”型分布，颗粒运动沉积受多种因素影响。”
        JI Huimin,ZHOU Tao,LIU Jianquan,ZHANG Jiguo,YAO Wenzhuo,YANG Yihao
        Vol. 42, Issue 3, (2019) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2019.hjs.42.030605
        摘要：BackgroundMotion characteristics of fine particles in different pipelines is of great significance to the development of two-phase flow and improves the removal efficiency of particulate matter emitted from power plants.PurposeThis study aims at the effects of temperature gradient and velocity on the motion law and distribution characteristics of fine particulate matter in supercritical water.MethodsAnsys CFX software was employed as simulation tool, and the κ-ε model was used to predict the turbulence change in the channel. Motion deposition characteristics of particles with different sizes (1~10 μm) in different pipelines in the supercritical water were calculated and analyzed.ResultsSimulation results showed that the motion deposition concentration of fine particulate matter in different pipes was roughly shown as "M" distribution at different inlet temperatures. At the same time, there was an extreme value of particulate matter concentration near the pipe. Under different inlet speed conditions, the distribution of particle concentration in each pipeline was very discrete at low speed, and the concentration of particulate matter in each pipeline exhibited their own distribution characteristics while the speed was increasing.ConclusionThe kinetic deposition of particles is the result of the momentum exchange between the particles and the resistance of the particle movement.  
        关键词：Different pipelines;Supercritical water;Particulate matter;Deposition   
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