最新刊期
      卷 40 ， 期 1 ， 2017

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Haiyun ZHANG,Wanqian ZHU,Hongliang QIN,Song XUE
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010101(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010101
        摘要：Background: A water-cooled high energy double Laue crystal monochromator (DLM) will be employed on ultra-hard applications beamline to be built in phase II project at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). Its crystal bending performance is very important for satisfying design requirements.Purpose: This study aims to find appropriate coupled meridional and sagittal bending of the bender, to obtain optimal the monochromatic beam flux and energy resolution. Methods: The rigidity matrix of the crystal was calculated by using MATLAB. Two main factors, anisotropic elasticity of the asymmetric-cut crystal and aspect ratio, are considered to optimize the crystal bendings by finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS Workbench. Results & Conclusion: Analysis results show the cutting edge of crystal length and width goes along the[011] and[0-11] direction, respectively. The optimized crystal geometry is 90 mm×40 mm×1 mm. Furthermore, the meridional and sagittal slope errors of the crystal are 3.02 μrad and 1.25 μrad, respectively, which meet the requirements well.  
        关键词：Laue crystal monochromator;Bender;Anisotropy;Aspect ratio;FEA   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Yu BIAN,Wenyan ZHANG,Bo LIU,Dong WANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010102(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010102
        摘要：Background: Longitudinal electron bunch length is an important parameter in accelerator beam diagnostics. It plays a significant role in single-pass free electron lasers, since the high-gain Free Electron Laser (FEL) process depends strongly on a high peak current of the electron bunches. Purpose: It is necessary to measure the electron bunch lengths in both Shanghai Deep Ultra-Violet Free Electron Laser (SDUV-FEL) and Shanghai X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL). Methods: In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of three standard diagnostic tools for bunch length measurement are compared and a measuring system based on coherent transition radiation(CTR) for SDUV-FEL and SXFEL is designed and analyzed. Results: The simulation shows that the measuring system can measure the electron bunch length from 20 fs to 1 ps effectively and time resolution of the measuring system can reach 20 fs. Conclusion: Electron bunch length measurement by means of CTR is an easy way to achieve high time resolution with inexpensive experimental instruments. The measuring system meets the demands of SDUV-FEL and SXFEL well.  
        关键词：Electron bunch length;Coherent transition radiation;Beam diagnostics   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Jianrong ZENG,Shouzhi WANG,Lingling CAO,Yan LI
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010103(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010103
        摘要：Background: Relative humidity (RH) is one of the key environmental parameters in many experimental processes, and RH control is particularly important for in-situ synchrotron radiation experiments. However, there is no suitable commercial RH control equipment available for such experiments. Purpose: Based on the dynamic control of microcontroller, this study aims to develop an integrated set of numerically controlled (NC) RH control device, which can be conveniently loaded on the synchrotron radiation end-stations. Methods: A moisture channel and another dry air channel are connected to the sample chamber for humidification and dehumidification respectively. The dynamic equilibrium of RH at various values is controlled by the microcontroller using a fuzzy algorithm. Results: This device can hold the RH with an error of ±1.0% at any set value from 20% to 94%. It also can increase the RH from 20% to 90% and decrease the RH from 90% to 20% with an error of ±1.5% at a constant speed. Conclusion: This device can provide RH controlling environment with three switchable operation modes including RH holding, increasing and decreasing. It can meet various requirements of humidity control in kinds of synchrotron radiation in-situ experiments.  
        关键词：Synchrotron radiation;Relative humidity;Numerical control   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Jianyi LI,Junrun WANG,Yu ZHANG,Zhiwu HUANG,Xiaolong LU,Dapeng XU,Jie ZHANG,Zheng WEI,Zhanwen MA,Zeen YAO
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010201(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010201
        摘要：Background: In recent years, the neutron generator based on D-D reaction is widely investigated due to some potential applications and the advantage of the more security without the use of radioactive tritium target and long target lifetime with D ion self-injection effect in target. The accurate measurement of fast neutron yield of the D-D neutron generator is a key problem to be solved. For D-D neutron generator, the associated particle method is possibly one of the most accurate ways for the neutron source strength calibration. Purpose: In order to measure the neutron yield of D-D neutron generator using the associated particle method, the anisotropy correction factor and the yield ratio of neutron and proton need to be calculated. Methods: A method for calculating the anisotropy correction factor and the yield ratio and a computer program based on MATLAB software platform were developed. Results: In this work, the anisotropy correction factors, the yield ratio of neutron and proton and the total correction factors were presented for the thick-target and for 90° associated particle measurement in the deuterons energy region of 20-700keV. Conclusion: The uncertainty of the total correction factors (RY) comes mainly from the cross section data. The uncertainty of RY is estimated to be about 2%.  
        关键词：Associated particle method;D-D neutron yield;Neutron generator;Correction factors   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Yuguo LIU,Meng LIU,Jianlin KE,Yonghong HU,Benchao LOU,Bing JIANG,Guangyi ZHAO,Rong LIU
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010202(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010202
        摘要：Background: The temperature of deuterium-target has great influence on the neutron yield and lifetime of compact D-D neutron generator. Purpose: The aim is to develop a novel drive-in target with effective cooling system for the compact D-D neutron generator. Methods: Two preliminary designs of drive-in targets were put forward and the heat-flow-solid coupled analyses of the targets were performed by ANSYS14.0 software while the beam power was assumed to be deposited on the surface of the target. Results: The influence of flow rate and thickness of the cooling water on the temperature of the targets were simulated. The stress and deformation of two kinds of targets with different shapes were simulated, which were induced by the beam bombard and cooling water impact.Conclusion: The results showed that both targets meet the requirements.  
        关键词：D-D neutron generator;Heat-flow-solid coupled analyses;ANSYS   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Da LI,Da CHEN,Xinbiao JIANG,Tietao QI,Qingyu YU,Xiaoren YU,Jihong ZHANG,Wenshou ZHANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010203(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010203
        摘要：Background: Accurate neutron energy spectra and neutron flux parameters are needed to provide the neutron beam service for the reactor users. Purpose: The aim is to accurately measure the fast neutron fluence in Xi'an pulsed reactor. Methods: A neutron fluence monitor method based on 103Rh (n, n')103Rhm reaction was presented. According to the difference of half-life of interference nuclides, cool-down time and measuring time are properly selected to reduce impacts of interference nuclides during the 103Rh (n, n')103Rhm activation rate measurements. On the basis of 152Eu calibration experiment results, the Monte Carlo model of detector was established with optimized detector size by genetic algorithm, the problem of detector efficiency calibration and ray self-absorption was solved.Results: A fast neutron fluence monitor experiment based on this method has been performed, the result of which was consistent with Fe, S, and Ni. The uncertainty of measurement is 13.1%. Conclusion: The establishment of this method successfully solved the problem of fast neutron fluence monitoring in Xi'an pulsed reactor.  
        关键词：Fast neutron fluence;Neutron spectrum;Uncertainty analysis;Activation foils;Xi'an pulsed reactor   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE

      • Wenhui FAN,Hanzhou LIU,Wanxin WEN
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010301(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010301
        摘要：Background: Polyacrylamide hydrogel plays an important role in many areas. There also has been growing interest in polyacrylamide hydrogel modification by polymerizing and crosslinking methods, introducing different groups to obtain various functions. Purpose: The aim is to propose a novel one-step irradiation-induced polymerizing and crosslinking method to prepare polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite hydrogel with polystyrene (PS) nanospheres. Methods: The chemical structures of PAAm composite hydrogel with PS nanospheres were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface structure of the composite hydrogel. Adsorption ability of hydrogel was evaluated via water and ethanol.Results: It is found that the PS nanospheres were introduced successfully to PAAm hydrogel, which were of superior absorption in deionized water and normal saline water. Conclusion: This novel one-step irradiation-induced method is proved to be simple and feasible to prepare PAAm composite hydrogel with PS nanospheres at room temperature.  
        关键词：Hydrogel;Radiation polymerization;One-step method;Polystyrene nanospheres   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Hu XU,Chong CHENG,Lingjian LIU,Zhirong GUO,Xianglei CHEN,Guopu QU
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010401(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010401
        摘要：Background: The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a new type of photo detector consisting of avalanche photodiode arrays operated in Geiger mode. Its photocoupling performance with scintillation crystal is helpful for gamma spectrometry. Purpose: This study aims to provide a reliable tool for the design of scintillation detector photocoupling with SiPM to achieve effective gamma spectrometry with the GEANT4 code. Methods: GEANT4 toolkit is used to simulate NaI (TI) and LaBr3:10% Ce3+ scintillation crystal detect 662-keV γ-ray photocoupling with SiPM by building a complete Monte Carlo model of a scintillator includes ionizing particle and optical photon transport. Energy resolution of 662-keV gamma spectrum is modified with the contribution of dark current noise amplified by the electronic system and statistical fluctuation of optical photon absorbed by avalanche photodiode of SiPM which was previously illuminated with monochromatic LED light. Results: Simulation results show that energy resolution of 662-keV gamma spectrum is in accordance with the result of experimental measurement. A group of parameters (Pr, s) which corresponded to scintillation crystal intrinsic energy resolution is obtained simultaneously. Conclusion: The GEANT4 simulation of NaI (TI) and LaBr3:10% Ce3+ scintillation crystals photocoupling with SiPM for 662-keV γ-ray spectrometry results consistently with experimental energy spectrum, and confirms the reliability and rationality of material properties and parameters which set in GEANT4 toolkit.  
        关键词：Scintillation crystal;SiPM;GEANT4 toolkit;Energy resolution   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Kun SHU,Fengli LONG
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010402(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010402
        摘要：Background: The control strategy of accelerator power supplies mainly depends on PID (Proportion-integral-derivative) controlling at domestic plant. The controlled plant is treated as transfer functions induced from physical models and the controller design depends on them. This approach suffers from the shifting between design values and the real elements as well as the uncertainty of the hardware structure. Moreover, the engineers are mainly not interested in the internal mechanisms of the plants but their input-output (I/O) behavior. Purpose: This study aims to design a plant identification module with better real-time performance, applicability and versatility. Methods: Based on subspace model identification, particularly the MOESP (Multivariable Output Error State sPace) method, the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) modules are designed in pertinence and the identification algorithm is processed by embedded SOPC (System On a Programmable Chip). These modules were applied to magnet power supply digital control platform for both BEPCII (Beijing Electron Positron Collider II) and ADS (Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System). Results: The identified model was strictly tested and proved to be capable to predict the output current with significant accuracy for magnet power supplies of both BEPCII and ADS. Conclusion: The module is easy to use for providing key information for controller design and compatible with loadings of various characteristics. Compared with traditional analytic modelling, the plant identification module performs better in applicability, versatility and real-time performance.  
        关键词：Accelerator magnet power supply;Subspace model identification;State space model;FPGA;SOPC   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Bensong PI,Zhiyong WEI,Zhen WANG,Xiaoming TAN,Qingwei ZHU,Junhao YU
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010403(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010403
        摘要：Background: The detector probe is composed of double-end output plastic scintillation detector and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and it's part of the detector system with back end electronics system such as digitizer. Purpose: To study the optimization of the detection efficiency of real events and energy resolution with different data processing methods, the standard γ source 60Co and 137Cs are used to test the plastic scintillation detector system. Methods: The effect of the coincidence time of the associated event on detection efficiency is discussed, and the improvement of energy resolution from the integral length and the pulse shape discrimination(PSD) window is analyzed. Results: and Conclusion: The results show that the real event detection efficiency is the best when the coincidence time of the related event is 15 ns, and the energy resolution is optimized from 53.38% to 42.21% under the PSD window when the integral length is 80 ns.  
        关键词：Plastic scintillation;Coincidence time window;Detection efficiency of real event;PSD window;Energy resolution   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Haiying LIANG,Wei JU,Zhendong WU,Xuesheng JIAO,Dongfeng CHEN,Yuanyong FU
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010501(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010501
        摘要：Background: Polyimide (PI) film is a new type of organic film possessing properties of high temperature resistance, acid resistance and radiation resistance, etc. The heavy-ion microporous membrane prepared by polyimide film can be used for battery diaphragm, radioactive waste gas filtering and other special areas. Purpose: This study aims to improve the quality of PI heavy-ion micro-filtration membrane by soaking pretreatment. Methods: First of all, 25-μm PI films were irradiated by 32S ions produced by HI-13 tandem accelerator in China Institute of Atomic Energy to break the polymer chains. Latent tracks were created along the track of the ions. Then soaking pretrestment with two types of strong oxidizing solutions, i.e., potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide, was conducted before the chemical etching processing to form the micropores. Finally, etching time and the quality of micropores were compared and analyzed. Results: The etching rate for PI film pre-processed by soaking in potassium permanganate solution and hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 h are 1.6 times and 1.3 times respectively, compared with that no soaking pretreatment at normal temperature. More narrow cone angle is formed for faster etching rate. Conclusion: The experimental results showed that soaking pretreatment can obviously increase the track etching rate of PI membrane, decrease etching time, narrow the cone angle of pores and improve the quality of PI heavy-ion microporous membrane.  
        关键词：Polyimide heavy-ion micro-filtration membranes;Conductance method;Soaking   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Jianye JI,Wei XU,Xiang CHAI,Xiaojing LIU,Wei ZENG
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010601(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010601
        摘要：Background: Reflooding phenomenon plays an important role in nuclear reactor accident. During reflooding phase, the water level will rise from the bottom to the top with quenching the hot fuel rods, which is the most important phase to guarantee the integrity of cladding. Purpose: The aim is to predict the heat transfer in reflooding phenomenon and to investigate the initial conditions effect on the temperature variance. Methods: The experiments and numerical method were carried out to obtain the temperature variance. The THERMAL facility was built and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software CFX was used during the study. Results: The experiment data shows that the wall initial temperature has a big influence on the quench velocity and rewet temperature. After the comparison with the numerical simulation, the numerical model was validated. Through the numerical simulation, the relationship between inlet velocity and wall temperature was received. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the CFD method can be used to predict the heat transfer in reflooding phenomenon. And some of the heat transfer models need to be improved to improve the accuracy.  
        关键词：Two fluid model;Reflooding;Rectangle channel;Fluid solid coupled   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Xingwei SHI,Lei LEI,Bing LAN,Jian HU,Xuedong QIAO,Jianping JING
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010602(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010602
        摘要：Background: The containment is the last shielding to protect radioactive fission products under severe accident conditions from being released to the atmosphere. Purpose: In order to figure out the failure margin under accident conditions, it is necessary to research and analyze the effects of the surface liquid film coverage on the containment integrity for a Passive Containment Cooling System (PCS). Methods: The PCS thermal-hydraulic model has been built with passive containment analysis code in large power passive reactor. Based on the reference case of double ended guillotine (DEG) on a cold leg, both the water distribution tube failure and the spray pipe pluggage together with water distribution tube failure have been carried out, respectively. Results: The analysis results show that the containment will not fail due to overpressure and over temperature in short time in both failure cases when the water film coverage is larger than 35%, while it will fail in 24 h after accident when the results of the liquid film coverage is lower than 45%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the containment will not fail in 24 h after accident with the liquid velocity greater than 61.76 m3·h-1 and the liquid film coverage area greater than 45%.  
        关键词：Passive containment analysis code;Passive containment cooling system;DEG;Main steam line break (MSLB);Liquid film coverage   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
      • Dandan HUANG,Yunpeng JIA,Zihao WANG,Junxia GENG,Yang YANG,Qiang DOU,Qingnuan LI,Haiying FU,Jinhua WANG
        Vol. 40, Issue 1, Article number: 010603(2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2017.hjs.40.010603
        摘要：Background: Low pressure distillation is a promising technology for the recovery and purification of carrier salts (LiF-BeF2) in the thorium based molten salt reactors (TMSR). Purpose: This study aims to compare the separation behavior of NdF3 before and after adding the oxidant CaO in FLiNaK molten salt. Methods: Precipitation-distillation coupled method was employed in purification of molten salt. Then the X-ray Diffraction(XRD) was applied to the analysis of the produced NdF3 in the molten salt. Results: At high temperature, CaO was confirmed to react with NdF3 and form rare earth oxide Nd2O3 insoluble in molten salt. At 730℃, the conversion rate for Nd was up to 95%. After the precipitation reaction, the separation rate under low pressure distillation was compared with the preceding one. The decontamination factor of Nd was deduced to 9.4×105 whilst the value was 3.1×104 without adding CaO. Meanwhile, the evaporation rate also was improved after precipitation. Conclusion: The combination of the precipitation and distillation treatment is an effective way to achieve the high throughput performance in the salt separation process.  
        关键词：FLiNaK;CaO;Low pressure distillation;Oxide precipitation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-19
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