最新刊期
      卷 39 ， 期 12 ， 2016

        NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

      • Heng AN,Yuxiong XUE,Shengsheng YANG,Kai ZHUANG,Xiubo QIN,Jun WANG
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120502(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120502
        摘要：Background: Dielectric deep charge-discharge caused by interaction with energetic particles is always a threat to the safe operation of spaceflight. The long-time operation and flight in MEO and GEO would induce dielectric deep charge-discharge effect caused by energetic electron to become more and more serious. Purpose: The aim is to propose an analytic model for dielectric deep charging. Methods: The potentials of dielectric at certain depths are described by measurements of the potential of metallic layers inserted. Results: Simulations of two-type samples have been done based on Monto Carlo method and electric analyzing program, with one made of pure dielectric and the other consisting of both dielectric layers and metallic layers. Samples made of different thickness of dielectric layers and metallic layers, suitable thickness of dielectric layers and metallic layers can be determined aiding to design of the probe. Conclusion: The simulation result indicates that the model can be used to obtain dielectric deep charging characteristics effectively, which is beneficial to detector development of space radiation effect in future.  
        关键词：Dielectric material;Deep charging effect;Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resin (FR4);Charge deposition;Numerical simulation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Feifei SUN,Chuanbao ZHU,Wanming YUAN,Aikui ZHANG,Zhongyuan MA,Nana HAO,Yunlei FENG
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120501(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120501
        摘要：Background: Harizha polymetallic ore district is located in eastern section of east Kunlun mountains, Qinghai province and belongs to multicycle magmatic arc belt in middle of east Kunlun. A total of four large scale mineralizing zones have been discriminated in north area and mainly fall into tectonic alterated rock type. Purpose: The tectonic evolution characteristics of Harizha polymetallic ore district is discussed by analyzing the samples with different lithologies collected from different ore belts. Methods: The fission track age of apatite was used to calculate the absolute uplift rate of the plateau. Results: The apatite fission track ages range from 120 Ma to 60 Ma and could be divided into three units:120-93 Ma, 78 Ma and 66-60 Ma, which reflected the various tectonic uplift denudation in this region. Units of 120-93 Ma and 66-60 Ma respectively represent the stages when Gangdise terrain and Himalayan terrain subducted to the north, collided and converged with the northern block in early cretaceous and late cretaceous successively. Age of 78 Ma shows the regional low-grade metamorphism. Conclusion: The simulation results of apatite fission track reveal that different samples have the similar geological thermal history, which is divided into three stages:160-90 Ma, 90-20 Ma and 20-0 Ma. The amounts of uplift of these three stages are approximately 0.28 km, 1.40 km and 1.00 km, with 2.68 km as the total amount of uplifting. The stage of 20-0Ma represents a major cenozoic uplifting in Tibetan plateau and its periphery, which is the result of continuous pressing after the collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate and the strong uplift under the extension environment afterwards.  
        关键词：Fission track;Tectonic event;Apatite;Eastern Kunlun Mountains;Qinghai province   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Chao LIU,Liyuan YU,Zhigang WANG,Sen QIAN,Jingkai XIA,Na ZHU,Feng GAO,Guangpeng AN,Yichao MA,Hongshe DANG,Yinglei WU,Jie YANG
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120503(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120503
        摘要：Background: The performance of GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) will be affected by the gamma, neutron and electron radiation. Purpose: To study the impact of high-energy electron radiation on photoelectric properties of GaN-based LED, samples were setup in the beam line for electron radiation. Methods: The current, light power and emission wavelength of the irradiating LED were monitored by an automatic monitoring and control system during the beam time. And the aging tests of these LED samples were also finished. Results: The current, the light power stability of each sample were varied with different electron radiation. Also luminescence wavelength of some samples has a certain blue shift phenomenon. Conclusion: High-energy radiation has obvious effect on the photoelectric properties of the GaN-based LED.  
        关键词：High energy electron irradiation;GaN;LED;Photoelectric properties   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24

        NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

      • Shoujie ZHANG,Xinbiao JIANG,Da LI,Xiaoren YU,Liangliang MIAO,Yan MA
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120401(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120401
        摘要：Background: Space protons radiation exposure is one of the most considerable concern in terms of radiation risk to astronauts during their occupational activities in space, and effective dose is important for the estimation of the radiation hazard. However, there is no technical way to monitor effective dose for space protons radiation until now. Purpose: This study aims to monitor the effective dose of space protons radiation to astronauts. Methods: Contraposing isotropic protons radiation in space, a scintillation detector was designed using Monte Carlo simulation program. By means of special design of the detector structure, the energy isotropic protons in the range of 20-400 MeV deposited in the detector is mostly proportional to the effective dose provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report No.116. The effective dose is monitored by measuring the deposited energy. Results: For the proton energy spectra of AP8MIN model and random sampling, the relative deviation between the results of the ICRP report No.116 and the detector is less than ±8% by numerical calculation. Conclusion: Theoretically, this detector can monitor the effective dose of space protons radiation to astronauts.  
        关键词：Space protons radiation;Effective dose;Monte Carlo simulation;Scintillation detector   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Lingjie MENG,Wei LAI
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120402(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120402
        摘要：Background: When a fission chamber is operating for neutron detection, the ionization and recombination processes occur continually in its inner gas. Its detection performance correlates with these processes. Purpose: This study aims to further understand the influence of these processes and parameters of micro fission chamber on the detection performance from the aspect of plasma physics. Methods: BOLSIG+ software and basic theory model of fission micro chamber are applied for the simulation of the detection performance in current mode. The voltage range of saturation zone is taken as function of parameters such as geometry dimension of the electrode size, fissile rate and gas ionization degree. Results: The voltage range of saturation zone increases with the sensitive length, but decreases with fission rate and gas ionization degree. An optimal geometric electrode size exists for maximum voltage saturation zone. Conclusion: According to the computation results at different gas ionization degrees, one possible reason for the reduction of the voltage extension of the saturated zone at high temperature is explained.  
        关键词：Fission chamber;Current mode;Voltage range;Saturation zone   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24

        SYNCHROTRON RADIATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Gengwu JI,Xiaonan ZHANG,Yingguo YANG,Bin ZHAO,Wen WEN,Xingyu GAO
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120101(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120101
        摘要：Background: Organometal perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread consideration due to their conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. Because their outstanding photoelectric properties and their preparation process are often simple, among which one-step process has been most widely used. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether the mixing ratio of the precursor CH3NH3I and PbI2 is particularly critical for the preparation of CH3NH3PbI3 film, and thus influences the performance of PSCs. Methods: Synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the microstructure, surface morphology, chemical compositions of CH3NH3PbI3 film prepared using one-step process with different precursor (CH3NH3I and PbI2) ratios. Results: Results of GIXRD showed that the increase of CH3NH3I portion would reduce the degree of perovskite crystallinity with CH3NH3I and few PbI2 residue but enhance their preferential orientation along the out-of-plane direction, especially that of the perovskite (110) plane. In addition, a higher proportion of precursor CH3NH3I improved the surface morphology of the perovskite film with a better coverage as revealed by SEM. On the other hand, XPS results demonstrated that the increasing CH3NH3I portion caused Pb and I to enrich on the surface. Conclusion: The present study explored the influence of the mixing ratios of the precursors on the microstructure, surface morphology of perovskite films, as well as the device performance, which would provide experimental basis and guidance for preparing perovskite films for high performance perovskite solar cells with improved stability.  
        关键词：Perovskite film;Precursor ratio;GIXRD   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24

        NUCLEAR ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

      • Wei SHI,Qin ZENG,Wei LI,Hongli CHEN
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120602(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120602
        摘要：Background: Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)-like test superconducting tokamak fusion reactor to bridge the gap between ITER and future fusion power plant. The first wall (FW) of blanket and divertor faces the plasma core directly, and the radiation damage of the FWs is an important parameter for tokamak design. Purpose: The purpose is to analyze radiation damage on the FWs and the out board blanket structure material on the equatorial plane through primary neutronic evaluation for CFETR to select a better armor material in two candidates-beryllium and tungsten. Methods: McCAD is used to convert the Computer Aided Design (CAD) model to Monte Carlo geometry model. And Monte Carlo particle transportation method is used to calculate the neutron radiation damage. Results: The results cover the neutron radiation damage distribution of first walls and the structure material of CFETR outboard blanket. Conclusion: Tungsten is better than beryllium to be the material of blanket first wall armor because has a better protection for blanket structure materials. The calculation results indicate that divertor and structure material of CFETR blanket can satisfy the radiation damage standard in 8 a's testing stage.  
        关键词：CFETR;First wall;Outboard blanket;Neutron radiation damage   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Dongliang MA,Tao ZHOU,Shi QI,Jie CHEN,Bangyang XIA,Zejun XIAO
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120601(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120601
        摘要：Background: The supercritical water thermal expansion coefficient is very large when the reactor is approaching the critical point, but drops rapidly with the increase of pressure. The pseudo-critical thermal expansion coefficient is the basis for calculation of the critical phase transition transformation number which is of great importance in the analysis of flow instability of supercritical pressure water, therefore its calculation is very important to understand and master the conversion of energy or heat transfer in supercritical water reactor. Purpose: This study aims to derive a fitting formula for direct calculation of the pseudo-critical expansion coefficient. It is useful for thermal-hydraulic program analysis. Methods: First of all, the pseudo-critical temperature need to be calculated, then a regression analysis for the pseudo-critical thermal expansion coefficient of supercritical water is fitted by using MATLAB curve fitting toolbox. The fitting calculation formula about the pseudo-critical thermal expansion coefficient is derived from those fitting data in the form of combination formula. Results: The calculation result is continuous smoothness with maximum absolute error no more than 0.20 K-1, and the biggest relative error is 0.19%. Conclusion: The formula is simple in structure and easy to calculate with high efficiency, and the calculation precision meets the requirements of industry research and analysis.  
        关键词：Supercritical water;Pseudo-critical;Thermal expansion coefficient;Fitting formula   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Yongdong ZHANG,Jun LIN,Haiqing ZHANG,Zhiyong ZHU
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120603(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120603
        摘要：Background: Tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles are used as fuel carrier for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and solid-fuel-molten-salt reactors. The failure of the TRISO coated fuel particles can result in unacceptable release of fission products. Purpose: The distribution of the kernel radius and coating layer thickness could impact the failure probability of the TRISO particles. Methods: The influence of the distribution of the kernel radius and coating layer thickness on the failure probability was also analyzed by random sampling. Results: The design of the kernel radius, Buffer PyC layer thickness as well as the SiC thickness affect the TRISO coated fuel particles failure probability much heavier. Conclusion: It is found that the failure probability of the TRISO coated fuel particles can be reduced by one order of magnitude when the standard deviation of the distribution of the Buffer PyC layer thickness is reduced to 16 μm.  
        关键词：TRISO coated fuel particles;Pressure vessel failure;TRISO coated fuel particle size;Standard deviation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Haitao SUN,Ailin LYU,Qiang FU,Ligong LING,Panpan JIA,Chen WANG,Zaozhan SUN,Xinqiang WU
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120604(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120604
        摘要：Background: Environmental assisted fatigue (EAF) is the important issue in the field of fatigue analysis, assessment and safety regulation of pressurized water reactor nuclear components. Some factors affect fatigue life of materials and related mechanisms. Purpose: The aim is to verify the influence of simulated pressurized water reactor coolant environment on the fatigue life of domestic forging main coolant pipe made of austenitic stainless steel. Methods: Fatigue tests were conducted using high-temperature and high-pressure water fatigue testing system, and standard round-bar fatigue specimen made from product forging. Results: The relationship between test data and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code fatigue mean/design curve was analyzed. The effect of strain amplitude on fatigue life of austenitic stainless steel was investigated and the suitability of ASME code fatigue design curve and fatigue life environmental correction factor were preliminarily evaluated. Conclusion: The fatigue life of forged 316LN stainless steel in high-temperature and high-pressure water are lower than those at room temperature in air. The environmental degradation is more obvious under low strain amplitudes than that under high strain amplitudes. The best-fit curve based on the updated Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) model is recommended for the fatigue design of domestic austenitic stainless steel. The environmental effect should be incorporated into the fatigue design of domestic austenitic stainless steel. The fatigue crack mainly initiated from the surface micro-pits and slip bands for the domestic forged austenitic stainless steel in high-temperature and high-pressure water.  
        关键词：Environment assisted fatigue;Strain amplitude;Austenitic stainless steel;Fatigue crack;Design fatigue curve   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24

        LOW ENERGY ACCELERATOR, RAY AND APPLICATIONS

      • Hexi WU,Liangquan GE,Qianglin WEI,Bo YANG,Yaoyao LUO,Yibao LIU,Fei YU
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120202(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120202
        摘要：Background: It is still difficult to establish all calibration models for significant short-lived artificial radionuclides because of the short half-life periods of most artificial radionuclides, potential radiation hazards, high cost, etc. Therefore, how to obtain more accurate quantitative results from airborne gamma-ray spectrum needs to be solved urgently. Purpose: This study aims to find a calculation model for efficiency calibration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry (AGS). Methods: Based on the basic thought in calculus, tiny source is divided from gamma radiation on arbitrary shape by a grid partition method and seen as a point source. And the full-energy peak efficiency formula of AGS for a point source is derived in this paper. According to the superposition principle, the sourceless efficiency calibration method of AGS is established. Results: Firstly, the calculation values show an agreement within ±5% error in comparison with measurement values while a point source of 137Cs is only a short distance away. Secondly, the calculation response law of different positions by this paper coincides with the experiment of Grasty et al. Finally, the calculation values show an agreement within ±10% error in comparison with measurement values while a point source of 137Cs and 60Co is put under the AGS-863 for 5-100 m. These prove that the numerical calculation is suitable for computing the full-energy peak efficiency of a point source. Meanwhile, the calculation values of a surface source and a volume source show an agreement within ±1.5% error in comparison with simulation values by MCNP5. And while AGS is 90-150 m away from infinite volume source, the calculation values of 1 460.83 keV and 2 614.533 keV are 8.33%-15.82% bigger than the measurement values. Conclusion: These results verify that the sourceless efficiency calibration method of AGS is accurate and reliable. It gives technical support for monitoring radionuclide deposition after nuclear accidents and locating radioactive sources using AGS.  
        关键词：Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry;Sourceless efficiency calibration;Numerical calculation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Zhenjie ZHOU,Shiwei REN,Jinjie WU,Ying LIU,Jili Yu,Rui ZHAO,Jiajia KANG,Yang YANG
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120201(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120201
        摘要：Background: The water absorbed dose in X-ray is an important physical quantity of radiation dosimetry, whose accurate measurement is important in radiation therapy. Purpose: The research and measurement of water absorbed dose in low-energy X-ray can provide great technical support for improving the traceability system of water absorption dose and widening the calibration range of measurement department. Methods: The water absorbed dose in 10-50 kV X-ray was measured using PTW23344 ionization chamber in radiation field. Results: Finally, the water absorbed dose scale factor of the PTW23344 ionization chamber and water absorbed dose at the front surface of the 6-cm organic glass were obtained. Conclusion: This work provides the foundation for establishment of domestic X-ray water absorbed dose standard and its international comparison.  
        关键词：Water absorbed dose in X-ray;Half value layer;Homogeneous coefficient;Perturbation factor;Back scattering factor   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
      • Xue LIU,Xianwen RAN,Zhihong XU,Bo WANG,Wenhui TANG
        Vol. 39, Issue 12, Article number: 120203(2016) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2016.hjs.39.120203
        摘要：Background: In an electron beam experiment, electrons accelerated in electromagnetic field have different kinds of velocities and angles. However, in early numerical simulation calculations, the electron beam is always supposed to perpendicularly hit the surface of target materials, which will cause biases between simulations and experiments. Purpose: In this paper, a new method has been given to calculate energy deposition profile of intense pulsed electron beam which may explain the biases. Methods: MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code) is used to study metals such as aluminum, cuprum and tantalum. The differences between electron beam perpendicular to material and the one with angle distribution were worked out. Results: The results show that the energy deposition peak of pulsed electron beam with angular distribution is smaller than that of electron beam which is perpendicular. Conclusion: This may explain the biases between simulations and experiments.  
        关键词：Pulsed electron beam;Electron beam angle of divergence;Energy deposition profile;Simulation   
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        发布时间：2021-05-24
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