最新刊期
      卷 38 ， 期 6 ， 2015
      • ZI Ming,WEI Xiangjun,YU Haisheng,LEI Yong,HUANG Yuying
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060101(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060101
        摘要：Background: Confocal micro-X-ray method is a sensitive tool for analysis of three dimensional (3D) elemental composition and chemical species, and has many important applications in the research fields such as geology, archaeology, environment, biology and materials sciences. Purpose: Confocal micro-X-ray method was established at BL15U in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and applied to study the stratified structure of some kind of paints in the Forbidden City. Methods: By the combination of pollycapillary half lens and K-B mirrors, a confocal micro volume is formed by the overlapped foci of these two focusing optics. The confocal system had a depth resolution of about 31.5 ?m at 8.04 keV and can be used to perform the confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (Micro-XRF) and confocal micro X-ray absorption fine structure (Micro-XAFS) experiments. Results: A typical structure of Doucai with three glaze layers has been disclosed by the confocal Micro-XRF. The chemical information of Fe inside the paint was obtained by confocal Micro-XAFS. Conclusion: The confocal micro-X-ray facility is indicated to be a powerful tool for 3D analysis of fine arts samples. Abstract  
        关键词：Confocal micro-XRF;Confocal micro-XAFS;Depth resolution;Three dimension;Doucai   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • DONG Yuxi,GAO Fei,WEN Yongmei,SUN Sen,WANG Li
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060102(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060102
        摘要：Background: The electron beam stability is very important for Free Electron Laser (FEL) equipment. The increasing demands of beam position stability result in the higher position stability requirement of the FEL key parts such as undulator and quadruple magnet. Since the mechanical support system for the FEL provides supporting, location and position adjustment, the high mechanical stability of the supports is indirectly expected. Purpose: This work focuses on the research of the dynamic performance of a mechanical support system composed of three dimensional adjustments and a granite block mounted on. It will be applied to the quadrupole in undulator segment for the Soft X-ray FEL (SXFEL) and the Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS) project in China. Methods: The Finite-element (FE) calculations of the model characteristics were carried out to guide the subsequent model and vibration experiments. Results: First natural frequency of the support is about 28 Hz. Ratio of the root-mean-square (RMS) displacement (1?100 Hz) between the ground and the top is close to 1. Conclusion: Small RMS ratio illustrates good mechanical stability of the granite adopted by this work. First natural frequency is smaller than the required frequency, which indicates that the further structural optimization is necessary. Abstract  
        关键词：Support for quadrupole;Stability;Mechanical vibration;Modal   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • YANG Jun,MA Zhenyu,WANG Yan,HOU Hongtao,LI Zheng,LUO Chen,MAO Dongqing,SHI Jing,LIU Jianfei
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060103(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060103
        摘要：Background: Energy Recovery Linacs (ERLs) are being developed over the world to realize future light sources and other applications. Purpose: The aim is to design a new 1 500 MHz 5-cell superconducting cavity for main linac in the ERL. Methods: The new cavity geometry was optimized by several radio-frequency softwares. Results: The new cavity is endowed with the following advantages: with the R/Q of the fundamental mode TM010 to be 550 ?, cryogenic losses could be reduced effectively; in order to reduce the risk of field emission, the parameters Epk/Eacc, Bpk/Eacc were optimized respectively to 2.06 and 4.22; a larger beam pipe was employed to propagate the higher order modes (HOMs) out of the cavity, increasing the damping efficiently for the dangerous HOMs. Conclusion: It was found that radio frequency property of the new cavity could meet the requirements of ERL-based Free Electron Laser (FEL) very well. Abstract  
        关键词：Accelerator;Superconducting cavity;Higher order modes;Simulation   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • XIE Yingmeng,ZHANG Shancai,TANG Zhenxing
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060104(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060104
        摘要：Background: In the IR-FEL (Infrared Free Electron Laser), the gain and power are sensitively dependent on the energy spread of the electrons. And at the exit of gun short bunch length can reduce the increase of energy spread in the pre-bunching and bunching section. Purpose: To meet the requirement of energy spread of IR-FEL, the paper aims to design a gridded thermionic electron gun with RF-gated. The electronic capture phase is modulated by RF field (the frequency of dual-frequency are 952 MHz and 2856 MHz) and DC (Direct Current) bias to get short bunch length (about 50 ps) at the exit of gun. Methods: The static field is based on DC gun of HLS II (Heifei Light Source II). The static and RF field are executed by using POISSON and SUPERFISH codes. Beam dynamics simulation is executed by using PARMELA code to show the evolution of the bunch distribution in the structure. Results: Dimensions of dual-frequency cavity, the field type are obtained. And two types of gun with harmonic wave or non-harmonic wave in the dual-frequency cavity are compared. Then the influence of grid wire structure on the beam parameters is analyzed. Conclusion: RF-gated gridded thermionic gun has an effect on selecting capture phase and compressing beam. And that gun with 3rd harmonic can get shorter bunch length than that without 3rd harmonic when the charge is identical. Meanwhile the structure of wire grid, DC bias and RF field have a great impact on beam parameters. Finally RF-gated gridded thermionic gun can meet the requirement of IR-FEL. Abstract  
        关键词：RF-gated thermionic electronic gun;Bunch length;3rd harmonic;Dual-frequency cavity   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • WANG Lei,LUO Qing,WANG Lin,LI Weimin
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060105(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060105
        摘要：Background: In recent years, a new injection system with pulsed multipoles magnet is developed, which consists of a single magnet and gives little distortion to the stored beam. Purpose: The paper demonstrated the injection scheme using a single pulsed octupole magnet (POM) at the Hefei Light Source (HLS) storage ring. Methods: The location and the parameters of the POM are determined by the physics calculation and numerical simulation of injection process by simulating and tracking. Results: Compared with injection using pulsed quadrupole or sextupole magnet, the distortion to the stored beam is much smaller than that with a single octupole magnet. And the injection acceptance is about 4 mm×0.2 mrad while the capture efficiency exceeds 97%. Nonetheless 3-turn injection becomes the main factor which limits the acceptance of injection. Conclusion: Using the POM injection system, the quality of synchrotron light is more stable, resulting in more working time for scientists. Generally we demonstrated the feasibility using the POM injection at the HLS storage ring. Abstract  
        关键词：Electron storage ring;POM;Beam injection;Injection efficiency   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • SUN Pengfei,DENG Biao,YANG Qun,DU Guohao,TONG Yajun,XIAO Tiqiao
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060201(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060201
        摘要：Background: The Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm has been widely applied in emission CT reconstruction, such as SPECT, PET and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence CT (XFCT). The quality of reconstructed image is better than other analytical methods such as filtered-back projection algorithm. However, the convergent rate of the OSEM is slow. Purpose: In order to speed up the convergent rate of OSEM, we want to investigate an improved OSEM algorithm. Methods: In this paper, we present an accelerated OSEM algorithm (AOSEM) by increasing the step size of the correction item and show its convergence characteristics with various subsets and accelerated factors. Results: The AOSEM algorithm is proposed and applied in XFCT image reconstruction. Comparing the two reconstruction algorithms, both the simulations and experimental results showed that AOSEM reached the same image quality as in OSEM but only about half the number of iterations when an accelerated factor was used. Conclusion: AOSEM can further speed up the convergence of OSEM when the accelerated factor h>1. Abstract  
        关键词：Synchrotron radiation;XFCT;Construction image quality;OSEM algorithm   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LIU Mohan,LU Wu,MA Wuying,WANG Xin,GUO Qi,HE Chengfa,JIANG Ke
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060202(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060202
        摘要：Background: Silicon germanium hetero-junction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) technology has been considered to be one of the promising candidate for future space applications due to its exciting built-in tolerance of total ionizing dose (TID) radiation and displacement damage (DD) performance. Purpose: The bias effects on total ionizing dose radiation response of the NPN commercial SiGe HBTs produced domestic were investigated with the 60Co γ ray under the different bias of Emitter-Base Junction. And the potential mechanisms of the different responses of the radiation under different bias are analyzed. Methods: The devices were mounted in the irradiation boards with different bias conditions during the irradiation and annealing process, and irradiated to a maximum total ionizing dose level of 11 kGy(Si). The electrical parameters including Gummel characteristics and direct current gain of the devices were measured with Keithley 4200-SCS Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer removed from the irradiation room within 20 min at room temperature before and after each specified value of accumulated dose. Results: The radiation sensitive electric parameters of the SiGe HBTs are base current and current gain. And, the damage of the devices with reverse bias is greater than that of zero bias, the degradation of the forward bias is the smallest. Conclusion: The difference of the radiation response under different bias conditions are due to the different amounts of the oxide and interface trap charge induced by the radiation under diverse electric field. Abstract  
        关键词：SIGe HBTs;TID;Bias conditions;Annealing   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • HUANG Zhanchang,YANG Jianlun
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060203(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060203
        摘要：Background: The plastic scintillator is mostly used for the inertia confinement fusion determination systems. It is necessary to know the scintillator decay time. Purpose: The aim is to measure the decay time of the plastic scintillator and analyze the applicability of single photon method. Method: The plastic scintillator is excited by 137Cs, and the decay time of the plastic scintillator is measured by single photon method. The ST401 and EJ232 plastic scintillators are measured by this device. The theory of single photon method is analyzed via statistics and the measurement process is simulated by Monte Carlo method. Results: The results are 2.9 ns with 50 ns for ST401 and 1.6 ns with 30 ns for EJ232 via double exponential fitting. The device has a dynamic range of over 104 and an intrinsic time resolution under 0.8 ns. The experiment result agrees to the simulated one. Conclusion: The comparison between the experiment result and the simulation result indicates that with the mean counts of stop detector no more than 0.1, the result measured by single photon method can be approximated to the decay time of plastic scintillator. Abstract  
        关键词：Plastic scintillator;Flashing time characteristics;Single photon counting method;Monte Carlo method   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • TIAN Geng,OUYANG Xiaoping,QU Hongguang,ZHANG Xianpeng,LIU Jinliang,LI Haitao
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060204(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060204
        摘要：Background: The traditional measurement methods in which the detectors are working in counting mode or current mode all have limitations in the measurement of low intensity pulsed neutron. Purpose: We aim to establish a method for low intensity pulsed neutron measurement to acquire the spectra of energy and time by digitalizing and analyzing the fast current pulse generated by detector as each single neutron induced. Methods: A digital pulse shape discrimination (DPSD) system for low intensity pulsed neutron measurement has been developed, which employs wideband digital oscilloscope as data acquisition device. With BC501A liquid scintillator detector, the system can acquire and store the waveforms of neutrons and γ-rays, and discriminate neutrons from all waveforms by DPSD algorithms. The system has two operation modes as “continuous acquisition” and “acquisition window with time stamp” for different event rates according to the intensity of pulsed neutron. Results: The function of pulse height analysis of neutrons is achieved, and time information of neutron’s arriving can be acquired by the analysis of the position of the waveform in the record or the time stamps. Experiment has been carried out with Am-Be neutron source with the operation mode of acquisition window, and the neutron pulse height spectrum, time spectrum and n/γ discrimination spectrum have been acquired. Conclusion: The spectra of energy and time of low intensity pulsed neutron can be measured by the digital method which employees wideband digital oscilloscope and digital signal processing algorithms, and has the advantage that all original waveforms of neutrons and γ-rays can be stored for further analysis. Abstract  
        关键词：Pulsed neutron;Neutron spectrum;Time spectrum;n/γ discrimination;DPSD   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • CHEN Feng,XIA Xiaobin,ZHANG Zhihong,CAI Jun,CHEN Mingming,TU Chuanhuo
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060401(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060401
        摘要：Background: In the workplace of the nuclear facilities, radioactive α aerosols monitoring in a fast, continuous way is required for protecting workers against radiation exposure. Purpose: Based on concentrations level of α aerosols in the workplace, α aerosol monitor was designed. The overall design scheme of the data acquisition system of the radioactive α aerosol monitor was introduced. Methods: A Cyclonell series FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip EP2C8Q208C8 from Altera corporation was applied as the control core to complete the A/D converter of AD678, data storage, and data communication with remote computer via RS485 interface. The sample data was stored in the data memory of 64 Mbit SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) for continuous and fast sampling. Both the numerical simulation and experimental measurements were carried out to verify the reliability of the data acquisition system. Results and Conclusion: Results show that the data acquisition system can acquire and control the detector signal for the radioactive α aerosols monitor in real-time, high-precision and fast-speed. Abstract  
        关键词：α aerosols;FPGA;Data acquisition;A/D conversion;High precision   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LI Haibo,SHEN Li,ZHOU Guozhong,ZHAI Jun
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060402(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060402
        摘要：Background: The performance of the ion source of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) starting point directly determines the success or the failure of the CSNS project, and the extracted power plays a key role in the ion source. Purpose: This study aims to resolve the critical issues including the MOS tube over-voltage, MOS tube protection circuit and the consistency of driving signal in the multiple MOS tubes working in serial structures. Methods: A high voltage modulation circuit schemed by 40 MOSFET power tubes is designed to inter-connect in series to the obtain high-voltage pulse. A high-frequency transformer of 40 secondary groups is applied to solve MOS tube consistency of driving signal issue with the same resistance in MOSFET drain source to protect MOS tube is not damaged. Results: The correctness of a prototype ion-extraction power supply of AC220V input and output average power of 375 W is verified by theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the power supply outputs peak pulse voltage of 25 kV, with pulse width of 900 μs pulse current of 600 mA, pulse jitter of 15 ns. The repetition rate is 25 Hz, and the pulse rise time is 200 ns. Conclusion: The power supply meets the requirements for ion source extraction of the negative hydrogen and lays the foundation for the stable operation of CSNS ion source for a long time. Abstract  
        关键词：High voltage modulation circuit;MOSFET series connection;High frequency transformer   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LI Weinan,YANG Chaowen,ZHOU Rong
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060403(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060403
        摘要：Background: Histogram statistics method and average value method are widely used to obtain the baseline of nuclear signal processing. However, there still exist several shortcomings, such as low accuracy, weak real-time character and high hardware resource occupancy. Purpose: This study aims to improve the accuracy and the real-time performance of the baseline extraction for the digital nuclear instruments. Methods: A novel method of obtaining baseline is proposed, it is a real-time dynamic average method that can be easily implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based multi-channel pulse height analyzer. By setting appropiate parameters, the accuracy and real-time character could be obviously improved. Results: This novel method not only occupies less hardware resource, but also achieves higher accuracy. The energy resolution of 137Cs spectrum is got improved to 7.44%. Conclusion: This method can be applied to extract baseline of digital multi-channel pulse height analyzer with high accuracy and real-time response. Abstract  
        关键词：DCMA;Estimate baseline;High counting rate;High sensitivity;Energy resolution   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LEI Lei,HAN Lifeng,XU Haixia,LI Yongping
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060501(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060501
        摘要：Background: Compared with commercial SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) software, EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) control system has no uniform way for software management at present. Developers in different projects deploy and invoke EPICS software modules in different ways. However, it is particularly important to manage the software modules scientifically and normatively for projects like thermonuclear fusion reactor, proton therapy and Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR), which helps to improve the reliability, maintainability and usability of system. Purpose: We aim to deploy EPICS software modules automatically and call them normatively. Methods: We implement the directory management using Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), deploy software modules with Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) and shell scripts and manage all software modules with Linux service. Results: The scheme runs very well and reduces manual operation greatly. Conclusion: The results indicate that this scheme can address some issues in the usage of EPICS, which may help to build a unified, fully automated software platform for TMSR I&C system. Abstract  
        关键词：EPICS;Directory management;RPM;Service   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LIU Hefan,GE Liangquan,XIE Xicheng,ZHAO Jiankun,LUO Yaoyao
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060502(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060502
        摘要：Background: The designing of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer’s geometric layouts need to be considered, such as ‘detector to specimen’ distance, ‘detector to source’ distance, ‘source to specimen’ distance. The desired X-ray collection angle is one of the important factors of the detection performance. However, the experience geometric layouts have been unable to meet every XRF analyzer designing, because the performance of the excitation source or the detector is getting better, sample processing technology is much more advanced, and so on. Purpose: The aim is to study the impact of the desired X-ray collection angle on XRF analyzer designing, and provide a technical guidance on methodologies for XRF analyzer designing. Methods: In this paper, we build the XRF analyzer models by the Monte Carlo method and analyze the impacts of the desired X-ray collection angle on XRF analyzer designing. Results: Kinds of factors with the desired X-ray collection angle are analyzed, such as Cu’s X-ray characteristic fluorescence peak counts, the ‘detector axis to specimen’ distance, the Cu’s ‘peak to source’ ratio. Conclusions: With the increasing of distance between the detector and the specimen, the detector’s pulse counts satisfy an exponential decay law. With the desired X-ray collection angle increasing, the Cu’s X-ray characteristic fluorescence peak counts increase linearly. With the desired X-ray collection angle increasing, the ‘peak to source’ ratio decays exponentially, but the ‘peak to total’ ratio remains the same. Abstract  
        关键词：Desired X-ray collection angle;XRF analysis;Monte Carlo method;Goodness of fit   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • JIANG Lipeng,ZHANG Huaiwen,GU Shanshan
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060503(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060503
        摘要：Background: Accuracy of brachytherapy source positions is an important part of radiotherapy quality assurance using two-dimension ion chamber array or film. It has already been confirmed that the mathematical morphology algorithm can be used for medical image processing. Purpose: This study aims to detect the dwell position of high-dose-rate brachytherapy source using EBT3 film based on mathematical morphology. Methods: EBT3 film was exposed for different step lengths of source and preset dwell position errors. The scanned digital images were denoised using contourlet transform. Black spots of 192Ir source were obtained on the basis of threshold selection and morphological operation. The positions of source were acquired by means of binary centroid algorithm. The calculated source position coordinates were compared with the reference data. Results: The error of source step length was less than ±0.2 mm, while the error of source dwell position was within ±0.5 mm. Conclusion: Mathematical morphology can be used in automatic detection of brachytherapy source positions. This method is simple and reliable. Abstract  
        关键词：192Ir;Brachytherapy;Film;Mathematical morphology;Quality assurance   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • HE Zehong,YE Minyou,WANG Zhongwei,MAO Shifeng,XU Kun
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060601(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060601
        摘要：Background: Neutron flux and thermal distributed computing are vital parts of the process of nuclear fusion reactor design, its representative calculation software MCNP is based on the Monte Carlo method. However, the output of MCNP is a text file, thus the results are not conveniently and visually represented by manual analysis, and cannot be directly imported into post-processing software such as Ensight, Paraview and ANSYS for processing. Purpose: In order to enhance the efficiency of data analysis of MCNP output, a coupling program between the MCNP and post-processing software is proposed and implemented in this paper. Methods: The Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (VS2010) is taken as a development platform, the coupling program is developed using C/C++ programming language to perform numerical/logic operations and various kinds of data format conversion required by post-processing software such as Ensight, Paraview and ANSYS, etc. Results: The coupling program was tested via “while-box” method, logical operations of MCNP calculation results, and data format conversion of MCNP data file processed by this program are satisfied for the requirement of the post-processing software for visual analysis. Conclusion: It provides effective support tools that bridge the connection between MCNP and the post-processing software for practical engineering design. Abstract  
        关键词：Monte Carlo;Post-processing;Ensight;ANSYS;Paraview;MCNP   
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        发布时间：2021-03-03
      • LI Jing,SONG Jing,LONG Pengcheng,LIU Hongfei,JIANG Ping
        Vol. 38, Issue 6, Article number: 060602(2015) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2015.hjs.38.060602
        摘要：Background: It requires much computational time with acceptable statistics errors in reactor simulations including fission reactors and fusion-fission hybrid reactors, which has become one challenge of the Monte Carlo method. Purpose: In this paper, an efficient parallel computing method was presented for resolving the communication deadlock and load balancing problem of current methods. Methods: The parallel computing method based on bi-directional traversal of criticality calculation was implemented in super Monte Carlo simulation program (SuperMC) for nuclear and radiation process. The pool-type sodium cooled fast reactor BN600 was proposed for benchmarking and was compared with MCNP. Results: Results showed that the parallel method and un-parallel methods were in agreement with each other. Conclusion: The parallel efficiency of SuperMC is higher than that of MCNP, which demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the parallel computing method. Abstract  
        关键词：Criticality;Parallel computing;Monte Carlo;SuperMC   
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