最新刊期
      卷 0 ， 期 0 ， 2020
      • LI Haidong,WANG Pengyue,ZHANG Jidong
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110101(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110101
        摘要：Background: Molecule chain orientations of conjugated polymer have dramatic influence on corresponding device performance, which can be controlled by the methods such as varying the solvents with different boiling point. Purpose: We attempted to study the influence of solution concentration on orientation and related carrier mobility of P3HT thin film. Methods: The P3HT thin films were made by spin-coating from chloroform solution of different concentration and characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectra, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The organic thin film transistors were also fabricated to characterize the corresponding mobility. Results: The absorption peaks of the thin film prepared with low concentration solution red-shifted compared with that of high concentration. In out-of-plane GIXRD the relative intensity of(100) peak increased with decreasing concentration while the(010) peak moved in reverse.(100) diffraction dot in 2D GIXRD of thin film prepared with high concentration solution was mainly in out-of-plane direction while that with low concentration solution was mainly in in-plane direction. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the orientation changes from face-on orientation to edge-on orientation as the solution concentration decreases, which achieves the same effect with that of high boiling point solvents and enhances the mobility. It is possibly due to that low concentration solution needs more time to evaporate.  
        关键词：Polythiophene thin film;Grazing incident X-ray diffraction;Molecule chain orientation;Carrier mobility   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • ZHANG Zhicheng,LU Chunhai,CHEN Min,ZHANG Jinzhao,LIU Ze
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110201(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110201
        摘要：Background: Currently, lead glass is widely used as observation window, while lead is toxic heavy metal. Purpose: Non-toxic materials and their shielding effects are researched in order to find a new material to replace lead containing material. Methods: The mass attenuation coefficients of bismuth silicate glass were investigated with γ-ray’s energy at 0.662 MeV, 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV, respectively, by MCNP 5(Monte Carlo) and WINXCOM program, and compared with those of the lead glass. Results: With attenuation factor K, shielding and mechanical properties taken into consideration, bismuth glass containing 50% bismuth oxide might be selected as the right material. Dose rate distributions of water phantom were calculated with 2-cm and 10-cm thick glass, respectively, irradiated by 137Cs and 60Co in turn. Conclusion: Results show that the bismuth glass may replace lead glass for radiation shielding with appropriate energy.  
        关键词：Shielding materials;Monte Carlo(MCNP);Bismuth glass   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • MA Minyang,QIN Xiubo,WANG Baoyi,WU Weiming
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110202(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110202
        摘要：Background: Room temperature Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor(DMS) is a critical path in the study of spin-electronic devices, but there are many disputes in the intrinsic properties and origin of the room temperature ferromagnetism. Positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS) is a powerful technique for evaluating vacancy-type defects. Purpose: We aim to establish the relationship between the defect structure and ferromagnetism of the materials by analyzing the parameters of positron annihilation. Methods: Co-doped rutile TiO2 films were synthesized by ion implantation and extensively studied by variable energy positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy(DBS) and coincidence Doppler broadening(CDB) measurements with variable energy slow positron beam for identification of the vacancies. Results: The results of DBS showed that a newly formed type of vacancy could be concluded by the S-W plot and the CDB results indicated that the oxygen vacancy(VO) complex Ti-Co-VO and/or Ti-VO were formed with Co ions implantation and the vacancy concentration increased with increasing dopant dose. Conclusion: We identify that the generation of Ti-Vo and/or Ti-Co-Vo vacancy complex are induced by the existence of excess Ti 3d electrons around the oxygen vacancy.  
        关键词：Rutile TiO2;Co-doped;Doppler broadening spectroscopy(DBS);Coincidence Doppler broadening(CDB);Oxygen vacancy   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • DUAN Zongjin,CHEN Yukai,REN Guangyi,HE Lijuan,LI Yuxiong,CHEN Zhi
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110203(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110203
        摘要：Background: Irradiation accelerator is being used more and more widely, but the optimizing of radiation shielding is always a problem to be solved. Purpose: To make the dose rates of the maze exit lower and the cost to achieve it less, it is of great significance to design a shielding which is cheap and effective. Methods: The radiation dose rates at different maze exits of a 10-MeV industrial electron linear accelerator were compared by formula and Monte Carlo(Fluka) method. A real-time measurement system composed of Mini Digital Data Logging(Mini-DDL) and Gamma detectors was also used. Results: With one corner added to the exit, another scattering would be generated. The dose rate of exit before changing was 3-4 ?Gy·h-1 while it was 200 nGy·h-1 after that. Conclusion: The radiation dose rate at the exit will be reduced by one order of magnitude because of another scattering generated by the added turn to the maze exit. All of these do not increase any additional cost and conform to the ALARA(as low as reasonably achievable) principle. It provides a good reference for the future design of shielding for industrial electron linear accelerator.  
        关键词：Electron radiation accelerator;Optimizing shielding;Scattering;Maze exit;Cost;Mini Digital Data Logging(Mini-DDL)   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • WANG Lipeng,PAN Xiaobing,ZHU Yangni,ZHU Guangning,JIANG Xinbiao,FENG Yi,ZHANG Xuebin,ZHANG Zhongbing
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110204(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110204
        摘要：Background: The nanoscaled WS2 and MoS2 are regarded as the promising self-lubricating materials in the future, which could be widely used in the lubricating of space reactor and other devices. Purpose: The displacement-per-atom(DPA) rates for nanometer materials WS2 and MoS2 need to be evaluated under high neutron and gamma irradiations. Methods: We studied the DPA rates and concerning properties of nanometer materials WS2 and MoS2 in Xi’an pulsed reactor by using Monte Carlo(MCNP) code. Neutron flux distribution, total doses, and gamma doses inside the samples were determined. Based on the typical neutron spectrum of thermal reactors, the average displacement Kerma factor method was used to obtain the 69-group damage cross sections of each isotope by NJOY code from the new evaluated ENDF/B VII.1 database. The displacement cross sections were calculated in order to get the DPA rates. Results: The results showed that the maximum DPA rates for the nanometer materials WS2 and MoS2 could be 1.51?10-8 DPA·s?1. Conclusion: The nanoscaled WS2 and MoS2 can be used for a long time under high neutron and gamma irradiations because of their good resistance to irradiation.  
        关键词：Xi’an pulsed reactor;Irradiation damage;Displacement-per-atom(DPA) rate   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • HAN Fei,YIN Gongming,LIU Chunru
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110205(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110205
        摘要：Background: In combined Electron spin resonance(ESR)/U-series dating of tooth fossil, annual dose is comprised of the dose rate contributed by α-rays, β-rays and γ-rays. A correction factor(called alpha-efficiency or k-value) is applied to the measured or calculated alpha dose rate. However, due to the experimental difficulty, k-value could not be measured very precisely. Purpose: In order to investigate the effects of the two commonly used k-values and the variation on the dating results, we analyzed the tooth enamel samples from Longgupo, a hominid archaeological site in Chongqing. Methods: Five tooth fossils from Longgupo site were analyzed using combined ESR/U-series method, and their ages were calculated with DATA program. Results: The study showed that the sample ages decreased as k-value increased from 0 to 0.3. For the samples of low uranium concentration, the ages only had small changes(~2%), while for those of high uranium concentration, the ages decreased obviously(up to 50%), and 20% decrement appeared when k-value increased from 0.13 to 0.23. For dating results of samples of similar uranium concentration, those of higher 230Th/234U ratio were affected more obviously with the k-value variation. Conclusion: The difficulty of measurement makes it hard to obtain a very precise k-value, and different k-values indeed cause considerable uncertainty to the fossil dating results. In addition, k-value may vary according to the uranium content of the tooth tissues, which will be investigated in further study.  
        关键词：Electron spin resonance(ESR)/U-series method;Alpha-efficiency(k-value);Tooth fossil;Longgupo   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • YANG Mingcheng,LUO Yongquan,ZHU Jun,LIU Wentao,GUO Dongquan,GENG Feng,LI Zhaopeng,QU Lingbo
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110206(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110206
        摘要：Background: In recent years, with decreasing global fossil resources and increasing "white pollution", renewable and biodegradable materials attract more and more attentions. Poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) has good mechanical property, biodegradability and processing performance, which is the focus of hot topics in the study of biodegradable plastic materials, however, being soft and of high cost, it is still limited in application range. Purpose: In order to improve the mechanical and thermal properties, a series of wheat straw powder/PBS composites were prepared by melt extrusion, and then the 60Co-γ ray was directly utilized to irradiate the straw powder/PBS composite. Methods: The influence of TAIC(triallyl isocyanurate) radiation absorbed dose and radiation sensitizer on the mechanical property and thermal performance of straw powder/PBS composite was investigated, and the impact fracture surface morphology of the composite was observed by SEM(scanning electron microscope). Results: The tensile strength and flexural strength were enhanced with increasing radiation dosage, and then tend to be stable, the heat distortion temperature also increased but not significantly with increasing radiation dosage. The results show that when TAIC content is 2%, with straw powder/PBS composite irradiated by 30-kGy dose, the tensile strength and flexural strength are increased by 26% and 39.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The radiation modification of composite material has no effect on thermal stability, but do improve the tensile strength and flexural strength when up to 2% of TAIC is integrated and irradiated by certain dose. The interface cohesiveness between straw powder and PBS is strengthened after radiation.  
        关键词：γ-ray;Radiation;Straw powder;Poly(butylene succinate)(PBS);Composite   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • XU Dapeng,YAO Ze’en,FENG Huyuan,LAN Changlin
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110207(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110207
        摘要：Background: The doses and biological effects of irradiated plants have been studied and reported widely. In the research, Co-60 gamma-ray source was more often used than the neutron source. However, fast neutron source is promising in such irradiation studies as it has many advantages, such as strong biological effect, high mutation rate, wide variation spectrum and stable mutant. Purpose: We aim to explore the method of dose calculation in pea samples. The biological effects of pea seeds(Pisum sativum L.) induced by different radioactive doses are to be investigated. Methods: The Needle Leaf Pea seeds were irradiated using 252Cf fission neutron source. The Monte Carlo simulation MCNP4C code was used to calculate the neutron absorbed doses and γ-rays(photons) absorbed doses in the samples. The biological effects of pea seeds induced by different radioactive doses were investigated. Results: The results showed that the flowering time of M1 generation peas was delayed with lower neutron absorbed doses(0.239-4.330 Gy), and the germination rate was promoted with micro-absorbed doses. The seedling branch rate of M1 generation peas was elevated by neutron radiation. The harvest of M1 generation was increased with appropriate neutron doses(0.619 Gy) irradiating peas. Conclusion: After being irradiated by low neutron doses(0.239-4.330 Gy), M1 generation peas show obvious biological effects. The research results have positive significance for the agricultural production and breeding.  
        关键词：Pisum sativum;252Cf;Neutron;Biological effect;Absorbed dose   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • TANG Fangdong,ZHAO Chao,HE Linfeng,XU Yihe
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110401(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110401
        摘要：Background: Standard reference of 220Rn activity concentration is essential for 220Rn measuring device calibration. Purpose: A well performance standard reference of 220Rn activity concentration is imperative for 220Rn measurement device calibration in China. Methods: For this purpose, analytically pure Th(NO3)4 ·4H2 O which had been preserved for more than 40 years was used for producing 220Rn source with stable exhalation rate. An inner source 220Rn chamber was designed and constructed with temperature, humidity and airflow control system to ensure the stability and homogeneity. The 220Rn activity concentration was adjustable through changing different activity 220Rn sources. A measuring device using Lucas scintillation cell whose calibration coefficient was determined by both theoretical method and calibration test in PTB was developed to determine the 220Rn activity concentration in the chamber. Results: It was shown that both the short-term(more than two days) and long-term(half a year) stability of our standard reference performed very well. The heterogeneity of our standard reference in the chamber was less than 5.5%. By changing different 220Rn sources, the adjustable range of our standard reference was 500–20 000 Bq·m-3. The calibration coefficient of the Lucas scintillation cell was confirmed as 53.02 Bq·m-3·min in PTB calibration test. Conclusion: A standard reference of 220Rn activity concentration which is accurate, stable, uniformly distributed and concentration adjustable is established in this study.  
        关键词：220Rn measurement;220Rn chamber;Scintillation cell;Volume radioactivity;Standard reference   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • MA Qingli,WU Yanhua
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110402(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110402
        摘要：Background: Plastic scintillating fiber is a common imaging detector in the field of industrial CT and Digital Radiography(DR) imaging. Because of lack of detailed theoretical guidance and experiment data, the practical works are still going on to perfect detector design and optimization. Purpose: The purpose is to track the interaction of incident particle with scintillating fiber, obtain the fiber transmission properties of the incident particles with different energies and intensities, and provide theoretical basis for optimization design of imaging detector. Methods: We studied the fundamental information transmission character of the plastic scintillating fiber(PSF) linear array, which is an imaging detector for industrial purpose in some X-rays energy range. Results: By using Monte Carlo simulation method, we analyzed the responses of the PSF array under various low energies and luminosities of X-rays, and evaluated the Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR), Detector Quantum Efficiency(DQE) and Detector Efficiency(DE), which described the image quality of the PSF array detector. Conclusions: From the simulation results, we obtained the following three conclusions:(1) If the incident photons are of low energy and high intensity, the DQE of PSF and the obtained contrast of image would be better.(2) The DE of scintillating fiber generally goes down with the increment of incident energy, except in the middle energy region(about 60 keV) where DE goes up with the energy increment due to the influence of the ?en value of the scintillating fiber material.(3) Because DE of scintillating fiber is low and the output visible photon number is small, which is fixed by the fiber characteristics itself, image intensifier must be added to detector system to enhance the image signal when scintillating fiber is used for image detector.  
        关键词：Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR);Detector Quantum Efficiency(DQE);Scintillating fiber array;Imaging detector;GEANT4   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • HAO Dejian,ZHANG Ruanyu,YAN Yangyang,WANG Peng,TANG Changjian
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110403(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110403
        摘要：Background: One digitizer is used to implement a digital nuclear measurement for the acquisition of nuclear information. Purpose: A principle and method of a parameter-adjustable front-end controller is presented for the sake of reducing the quantitative errors while getting the maximum ENOB(effective number of bits) of ADC(analog-to-digital converter) during waveform digitizing, as well as reducing the losing counts. Methods: First of all, the quantitative relationship among the radiation count rate(n), the amplitude of input signal(Vin), the conversion scale of ADC(±V) and the amplification factor(A) was derived. Secondly, the hardware and software of the front-end controller were designed to fulfill matching the output of different detectors, adjusting the amplification linearly through the control of channel switching, and setting of digital potentiometer by CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device). Results:(1) Through the measurement of γ-ray of Am-241 under our digital nuclear measurement set-up with CZT detector, it was validated that the amplitude of output signal of detectors of RC feedback type could be amplified linearly with adjustable amplification by the front-end controller.(2) Through the measurement of X-ray spectrum of Fe-55 under our digital nuclear measurement set-up with Si-PIN detector, it was validated that the front-end controller was suitable for the switch resetting type detectors, by which high precision measurement under various count rates could be fulfilled. Conclusion: The principle and method of the parameter-adjustable front-end controller presented in this paper is correct and feasible.  
        关键词：Digital nuclear measurement;Nuclear signal;Quantization error;CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • ZHAO Jiankun,GE Liangquan,ZOU Gongjiang,YAN Jun,LUO Yaoyao,GU Yi,LI Qiushi
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110404(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110404
        摘要：Background: The radon migration research result shows that the migration of Rn is directional. Purpose: We aim to research further the concentration distribution of accumulated Rn in the horizontal direction and within the confined space in a long time. Methods: A measuring device was designed based on the CR-39 type solid track detector to measure Rn concentration distribution in the horizontal direction. The method of least squares fitting was applied to fit anti-diffusion coefficient that affects the distribution of Rn and its daughters within different horizontal distances. Results: The anti-diffusion coefficient and the measured distance in horizontal direction were related with a negative power function, with the increase of horizontal distance, the anti-proliferation effect on Rn concentration distribution were gradually weakened. Conclusion: With the Rn concentration of 45 Bq·m-3, the anti-diffusion coefficient decreases sharply within the distance of 0-4 cm and then tends to be steady.  
        关键词：Radon concentration;Confined space;Anti-diffusion coefficient;Horizontal distance   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • ZHU Yue,YIN Junlian,ZHANG Jige,WANG Dezhong,CHENG Hui
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110601(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110601
        摘要：Background: Canned nuclear coolant pump is welded to the steam generator and main pipe line. The pressure fluctuation generated in the pump may affect both the steam generator and main pipe line. Purpose: The research was conducted for the purpose of studying the characteristics of pressure fluctuation at inlet and outlet of the nuclear coolant pump. Methods: The frequency spectra of pressure signal located at inlet and outlet of the nuclear coolant pump were obtained with CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics). Results: The result showed that the pressure fluctuation of the inlet position was dominated by the blade passing frequency, and the pressure fluctuation of the outlet position was much more complex. It was influenced by not only the blade passing frequency but also the axis frequency. The counter-flow in the diffuser and flow separation also influenced the outlet pressure fluctuation. Conclusion: CFD is suitable for canned nuclear coolant pump pressure fluctuation analysis.  
        关键词：Canned nuclear coolant pump;DES(detached eddy simulation);Pressure fluctuation;Frequency-domain analysis   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • GUO Bing,ZHANG Ning,XU Haixia,HAN Lifeng,CHEN Yongzhong
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110602(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110602
        摘要：Background: CSS(Control System Studio) is a cross platform IDE based on Eclipse RCP(Rich Client Platform) framework with many plug-in applications. It is developed by SNS, BNL and DESY, but not suitable for Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor(TMSR) control system due to different RDB(Relational Database) and applications requirements. Purpose: We aim to make CSS applicable for TMSR control system. Methods: We modified the source code of Basic EPICS CSS and integrated RDB PostgreSQL, Alarm System BEAST(Best Ever Alarm System Toolkit) into TMSR CSS. Results: TMSR CSS was applied to the control system of control rod drive mechanism(CRDM) prototype for the data archive system and alarm system. Conclusion: The implementation of TMSR CSS provides effective tools to develop control system UI, alarm system and archive system, but its reliability needs further verification and validation.  
        关键词：TMSR CSS(Control System Studio);Eclipse RCP(Rich Client Platform);Control system   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • CHEN Yuqing,WU Bin,WANG Jinfang,XIE Yahong,HU Chundong
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110603(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110603
        摘要：Background: The neutron emission rate increases rapidly with high-power deuterium beam injected into deuterium plasmas. It is necessary to calculate the neutron production in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST) for the radiation safety. Purpose: We aim to provide reference for developing new detection systems of fusion neutron and neutron radiation shielding design. Methods: Neutron emission rate was calculated using the typical particle model and analysis method. The relationships were analyzed among the fusion neutron production and the ion density, ion temperature, neutral beam energy and neutral beam power respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that the total fusion neutron production was 1016 n·s-1 with 80-keV, 4-MW neutral beam injection. Conclusion: Neutron intensity in EAST will increase by a factor of ten when appropriate neutral beam injection is applied. It can be referred for further performance improvement and radiation protection of EAST.  
        关键词：Fusion neutron production;Neutral beam injection;Plasma;Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST);Radiation protection   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • TANG Chan,WANG Hongyan,QIU Xunjun
        Vol. 36, Issue 11, Article number: 110604(2013) DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2013.hjs.36.110604
        摘要：Background: On the basis of liquid metal LiPb flow in the Single-coolant Lithium Lead-Test Blanket Module(SLL-TBM) system for ITER, the liquid metal flows slowly in a quasi-static way in the magnetic field. Purpose: The effects of liquid metal LiPb flow and heat transfer can provide references for the thermal analysis. Methods: The common software Fluent combined with compiled program was used in the computational simulation for various heat flux of the first wall. Results: The temperature of the whole flow passage increased with rise of the first wall heat flux density, especially that of L1 runner near the first wall. The temperature and velocity of the L1 runner changed prominently, producing larger change of the induction magnetic field and induction current density, and the corresponding Loren magnetic affected the flow and heat exchange. Conclusion: The induction magnetic field and induction current density have influence on the temperature distribution. These results can provide basis for the thermal-hydraulic design.  
        关键词：Liquid metal;Flow and heat transfer;Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
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