最新刊期
      卷 0 ， 期 0 ， 2020
      • YANG Liang HUANG Cailong GE Tao GUO Guqing MENG Xiangfei
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012) DOI: DOI: 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2012.hjs.35.881-886
        摘要：Background: Alloys have been largely used as nuclear materials.However,enhancement of the resistance of particle radiation and the mechanical properties in alloys are still required.Purpose: To develop a new type of Zr-based nuclear material with good mechanical properties.Methods: DC magnetron sputtering was applied to prepare ZrCu binary amorphous films on the pure zirconium substrate.The structure of ZrCu films was characterized using scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and high resolution transmission electron microscope.Mechanical properties testing were carried out for the ZrCu films and the film/substrate composite materials.Results: It is found that in the compositions ranged from Zr40Cu60 to Zr80Cu20,amorphous films can be prepared,and Zr65Cu35 amorphous film has relatively high hardness and high Young’s modulus.Compared with the pure Zr plate having the same size and shape,the Zr substrate coated with Zr65Cu35 amorphous film possesses a larger tensile strength,bending strength,and in particular obviously larger plastic-strain range.Conclusions: Zr crystalline plate coated with ZrCu amorphous film is a new type of nuclear materials with excellent mechanical properties.  
        关键词：Amorphous alloy;Film;XRD;Mechanical properties CLC O484.5   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • QIAO Liang WEI Biao YANG Fan FENG Peng ZHOU Mi
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: Caused by the danger of radioactivity,nuclear material identification is sometimes a difficult problem.Purpose: In order to reflect the particle transport processes in nuclear fission and present the effectiveness of the signatures of Nuclear Materials Identification System(NMIS),based on physical principles and experimental statistical data.Methods: We established a Monte Carlo simulation model of nuclear material identification system and then acquired three channels of time domain pulse signal.Results: Auto-Correlation Functions(AC),Cross-Correlation Functions(CC),Auto Power Spectral Densities(APSD) and Cross Power Spectral Densities(CPSD) between channels can obtain several signatures,which can show some characters of nuclear material.Conclusions: The simulation results indicate that the way can help to further study the features of the system.  
          
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • WANG Yuexing YANG Yifang WANG Haijun WANG Zhentao WANG Chuan ZHANG Kai REN Xin
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: High-purity germanium(HPGe) detector need to be calibrate detection efficiency for the measured sample using radioactivity standard sources.However,if a great variety of samples which have different materials,densities or geometries need calibrating,the standard sources used will be very expensive and are not beneficial to environmental protection.Purpose: To study a new Full-energy peak(FEP) efficiency calibration method without artificial standard sources for the high purity germanium detector using 82Br,160Tb produced by neutron activation and 40K.Methods: A HPGe detector(diameter 76 mm) with relative efficiency of 42% and two soil samples(φ70 mm×66 mm) were used in the experiments.The ratios relative to 554.3 keV of FEP counting rates,εBr(Ei),for different γ energies,Ei,of 82Br were used to fit relative efficiency function,fBr(E).The ratios relative to 1271.8 keV,uj,of those for γ-energy,Ej,of 86.7,197.0,215.6,298.6 and 392.5 keV of 160Tb were calculated,and transformed into normalized relative efficiencies to γ-energy of 554.3 keV of 82Br by using the formula εBr(Ej) = uj.fBr(E1271).Then the data of εBr(Ei) and εBr(Ej) were fitted to normalized relative efficiency function f(E).The absolute efficiency K of 40K γ energy(EK=1460.8 keV),resulting from KCl,which is mixed homogeneously with the sample can be determined.Thus,those of other any energy,E,can also be determined by using the formula,ε(E) =εK.f(E)/ f(EK).Results: The experiments showed that change of fBr(E) is no significant when the sample-detector distance is more than 3 cm.In order to verify the new method,the activity in two soil samples(φ70 mm×66 mm) were measured(sample-detector distance =3.1 cm) and the results were compared with γ-γ coincidence method.The results of the activity concentration of seven radionuclides including 226Ra,235U,232Th,40K,134Cs,137Cs and 60Co in each sample were in good agreement within uncertainties between two methods,respectively.Conclusions: This method is very useful,special for environmental samples with certain volumes,because it doesn’t need to use artificial radioactive standard sources and takes into account the self-absorption of photons in the sample.  
          
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • WANG Xiaoqiang1,2 TUO Xianguo3,4 WU Xuemei1 LI Zhe1 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: The accuracy for multi-parameter of long range alpha detector(LRAD) system needs to be improved.Purpose: To overcome the nonlinear effect on accuracy and have the measurements corrected.Methods: Key-parameter characteristics that affect open LRAD monitoring inside on-site pipes were analyzed.Based on the 352 groups of data from key-parameter characteristics analyzing,this paper adopted BP neural network to train and predict the measurements.Results: The predicted result has a good consistence with measurement,and the mean percentage error of the result is less than 5%.Conclusions: Using BP to predict the analysis result of LRAD has a good accurate,and besides,overcomes the impact of the system of nonlinear basically on condition of satisfying the radioactivity measurements of the law of statistical fluctuations.  
        关键词：LRAD;Open;Key-parameter characteristics;Nonlinear;BP neural network CLC TL84   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • LI Nan LU Xinwei YANG Guang ZHAO Caifeng
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: With the rapidly economic development and urbanization in Yan’an city,more building materials were consumed in building construction.While the natural radioactivity level of building materials from Yan’an is limited in the literatures.Purpose: The main objective of this study is to determine the natural radioactivity level and to analyze the associated radiation hazards of building materials in Yan’an.Methods: The specific activities of natural radionuclides 226Ra,232Th and 40K in various building materials from Yan’an city were determined using low-background gamma-ray spectrometry,and their radiation hazards were evaluated according to the standard methods.Results: The results show that the specific activities of 226Ra,232Th and 40K in the building materials are 9.4 73.1,11.5 86.9 and 258.9 1055.1 Bq/kg,respectively.The activities of 226Ra and 232Th,except for sand and gravel aggregate,in all other building materials are higher than the corresponding means of local soil,and the activities of 40K in hollow brick,red-clay brick,sand and gravel aggregate exceed the means of 40K in soil.However,the values of internal exposure index,external exposure index and gamma radiation index in all investigated building materials are less than 1.Conclusions: The radiation levels of all analyzed building materials are within the national safety standard,which indicates that all analyzed building materials can be used anywhere and they can’t cause radiation hazard to the local residents.  
        关键词：Natural radionuclide;Internal exposure index;External exposure index;Building materials;Yan’an city   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • LI Zhe1 TUO Xianguo2,3 LIU Min1 SHI Rui1 WU Xuemei1 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: Non-standard analysis(NSA) technique is one of the most important development directions of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF).Purpose: This NSA technique is mainly based on Monte Carlo(MC) simulation and full energy peak broadening,which were studied preliminarily in this paper.Methods: A kind of MC model was established for Si-PIN based EDXRF setup,and the flux spectra were obtained for iron ore sample.Finally,the flux spectra were broadened by Gaussian broaden parameters calculated by a new method proposed in this paper,and the broadened spectra were compared with measured energy spectra.Results: MC method can be used to simulate EDXRF measurement,and can correct the matrix effects among elements automatically.Peak intensities can be obtained accurately by using the proposed Gaussian broaden technique.Conclusions: This study provided a key technique for EDXRF to achieve advanced NSA technology.  
        关键词：EDXRF;Monte Carlo simulation;Gaussian broaden;Non-standard analysis CLC O657.34   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • ZHANG Keqi
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: The western Sichuan Plateau is located on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet.The loess-paleosol sequence distributed widely on the western Sichuan Plateau is among the best continuous records of the Quaternary climate and environment on the margins of the plateau.The new method and technology of OSL dating were developed and applied to Chinese loess in recent years.But there were less application to be attempted to the loess from the western Sichuan Plateau.Purpose: This paper attempts to date the loess from Ganzi area,Sichuan province,using a new method for OSL dating.A preliminary experimental study was conducted loess from on the Garzi-A section.Methods: The fine-grain quartz extracted from 10 loess samples was measured by SMAR protocols for a preliminary study of OSL dating.Results: The identical Deat thermal treat 200oC 260oC was showed in preheat plateau test using SMAR protocol for the sample 09GZA03.The dose recovery test in SMAR for the sample 09GZA03 showed a better recovery ratio when the artificial dose is lower than ~240 Gy.An obvious underestimation appeared when the lab dose is greater than ~240 Gy.Conclusions: Based on the results,the SMAR method was applied to fine-grained quartz extracted from 9 samples which sampled at 30 cm interval.Their Des and ages become large with deep.The results show that SMAR protocols are able to dating the ages of fine-grained quartz from Ganzi loess,but the measured ages can be underestimated when the natural dose is greater than 240 Gy(~55 ka in the loess).  
        关键词：OSL dating;Ganzi loess;Fine-grain quartz;SMAR protocol   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • HAN Fei1,2 Jean-Jacques Bahain2 YIN Gongming1 LIU Chunru1 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: In ESR and luminescence archaeological dating,the assessment of external radiation dose rate is one of the constant sources of uncertainty because of its variation in the past time and it cannot be determined accurately using the present-day measurements.Purpose: ESR isochron protocol was proposed to solve this uncertainty for the tooth samples.This protocol is applicable wherever multiple samples with different internal doses have all experienced a common external dose.The variable uranium concentration of tooth samples makes it possible to plot the equivalent dose versus the internal dose rate of each sample,and the slope of isochron line gives hence the age.For isochron dating of teeth,combined ESR/U-series dating analysis must be done together with isochron protocol.Methods: In this study,we try to use combined ESR/U-series isochron method on 5 tooth samples collected from immediate adjacent square in layer C III’6 of Longgupo archaeological site,Chongqing,China.Combined ESR/U-series analysis with in situ external dose rate shows recent uranium uptake of all the samples.Results: The time-averaged external dose rate was iterative calculated by isochron protocol,and gives an isochon age of 1.77±0.09 Ma for layer C III’6,which consistent with the mean US-ESR ages of 5 samples(1.64+0.16/ 0.21 Ma) in the error range.The calculated time-averaged external dose rate(~807 μGy/a) was basically in agreement with the in situ measured gamma dose rate value(850 μGy/a) in 2006,indicating the geochemical alterations may not occurred or do not affect the environmental dose rate obviously during the burial history.Conclusions: This study indicates the potential of solving both internal and external dose rate problems of ESR dating of fossil teeth by combining with U-series analysis and isochron protocol.  
        关键词：ESR/U-series method;External dose rate;Isochron;Fossil teeth;Longgupo   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • LI Sa1 GAO Yaobin2 OUYANG Yinggen1 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: Recently,the most reductant widely used to partition plutonium from uranium in the Purex solvent extraction purification process have been salt-free reagents.Purpose: In order to determine the utility of sale-free reagents in the Purex solvent extraction process.Methods: The report is a review of the applications of sale-free reagents in the U/Pu separation process,such as hydroxylamine derivative,U(IV),aldehyde derivative,hydrazine,hydroxyl carbamide,derivative,hydroxamic acid and so on.Results: In this review,we have investigated and summarized the previous works covering the thermodynamics and dynamics behaviors to offer references for the future R&D works on the capability of salt-free reagents in the PUREX process and to indicate its applications.Conclusions: Acetohydroxamic acid and hydroxysemicarbazide have the capability of stripping trace amount plutonium of uranium in the future industrialization.  
        关键词：Salt-free reagents;Plutonium;Dynamics   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • ZHANG Zheyu1 YUAN Chaolong1 ZHANG Haiquan2 NIE Junfeng2 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: The transport & conversion devices are important guarantees for normal operation of HTR-PM fuel handling system in normal and fault conditions.Purpose: A conflict of devices’ support design needs to be solved.The flexibility of supports is required because of pipe thermal expansion displacement,while the stiffness is also required because of large devices quality and eccentric distance.Methods: In this paper,the numerical simulation was employed to analyze the seismic characteristics and optimize the support program.Under the chosen support program,the stress calculation of platen support bracket was designed by solidworks software.Results: The supports solved the conflict between the flexibility and stiffness requirements.Conclusions: Therefore,it can ensure the safety of transport & conversion devices and the supports in seismic conditions.  
        关键词：HTR-PM;Seismic analysis;Support design   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • DING Weicheng1,2 WANG Yi2 WANG Hongquan1 WANG Min1 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: The output current signal of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers(MRPCs) has low amplitude and fast speed.Purpose: Its amplitude and time information should be obtained in particle Time-of-Flight(TOF) detection.Methods: A simple electronics module for the presentation of the signals from MRPCs to standard existing digitization electronics is described.The circuit is based on "off-the-shelf" discrete components.An optimization of the values of specific components is required to match the aspects of the MRPCs for the given application.The key electronic noise control plan is also discussed.Results: This electronics module has the excellent features including low prices,convenient making,easy assembling for testing system,etc.Conclusions: This electronics module is an attractive option for the front-end signal processing in MRPCs prototyping and bench or beam-testing efforts,as well as in final implementations of small-area particle TOF system with existing data acquisition systems.  
        关键词：MRPC;Signal amplification;Time discrimination;Electronic noise   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • DING Weicheng RUAN Juhong HUANG Qiu HUANG Hongquan WANG Min
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: Radon is one radioactive gas which should be monitored.Purpose: High sensitivity,good stability for distinguishing the characteristics of radon and thorium in air radon content measurement are required.Methods: One alpha energy spectrum measuring device was designed based on diffusion-accumulation theory.And the major influence factors were discussed.At the same time,the preliminary solution was proposed and testing was progressed.Results: We have got the results of energy calibration curve,energy resolution,sensitivity and other important information by standard radon chamber calibration.Conclusions: The experimental results show that this scheme is feasible and the performance is suited to the national standards for air radon measurement requirements.  
        关键词：Radon;α energy spectrum;Microprocessor;Detector   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
      • WANG Kaisong1 CHEN Kai1 HAO Junchuan2 LIU Sumei2,3 1
        Vol. 35, Issue 12, (2012)
        摘要：Background: In-wall shielding blocks which distribute within the double shell of Superconducting Tokamak vacuum vessel of the ITER projects,are used to shield neutrons produced by nuclear fusion.The moment deriving from the eddy current force is different from what is defined by the ITER IO in the structural analysis of ITER in-wall Shielding(IWS) block.Purpose: In order to simulate the real condition and get more accurate results,the method of moment compensation has been adopted.Methods: Both of adding and no-adding compensation moment conditions have been carried out separately in the structural analysis of the IWS based on ANSYS,and the corresponding results have been compared in the article.Results: The result shows the compensation moments have significant influence on the stress intensity of the components of in-wall shielding block.Conclusions: The accuracy of IWS structure simulation analyses results have been ensured by adding the compensation moment.The safety and reliability for design of in-wall shielding blocks are greatly improved.  
        关键词：ITER;In-wall shielding blocks;Moment force compensation;Structure analysis CLC TL62+6   
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        发布时间：2021-03-05
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