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Comparative study on cooling schemes for Hefei Advanced Light Facility beamline reflector
- NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES Vol. 49, Issue 2, Article number: 020102(2026)
- 作者机构：
中国科学技术大学 国家同步辐射实验室 合肥 230026
- 作者简介：
LIN Minghao, male, born in 1996, graduated from University of Science and Technology of China with a doctoral degree in 2024, focusiong on thermal management of synchrotron radiation optical elements
CHEN Jie, E-mail: jiechen9@ustc.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250004
CLC： TK124Received：07 January 2025，
Revised：2025-04-04，
Published：15 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
林明昊,王梓萌,陈杰等.合肥先进光源光束线平面反射镜冷却方案对比[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020102.
LIN Minghao,WANG Zimeng,CHEN Jie,et al.Comparative study on cooling schemes for Hefei Advanced Light Facility beamline reflector[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020102.
林明昊,王梓萌,陈杰等.合肥先进光源光束线平面反射镜冷却方案对比[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020102. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250004. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250004.
LIN Minghao,WANG Zimeng,CHEN Jie,et al.Comparative study on cooling schemes for Hefei Advanced Light Facility beamline reflector[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020102. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.250004. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.250004.
摘要
针对合肥先进光源（Hefei Advanced Light Facility，HALF）中超高分辨光栅单色器对光学元件面形的高要求，采用有限元分析（Finite Element analysis，FEA）仿真方法对平面镜（Plane Mirror，PM）三种典型冷却方案的热变形、装夹变形进行了对比研究。这三种冷却方案分别为：内部冷却方案、基于铟镓合金作为传热层的侧边冷却方案，以及基于铟膜作为传热层的侧边冷却方案。在PM最大吸收功率为64 W、峰值功率密度为0.2 W·mm
-2
时，热、装夹、重力和加工的综合面形误差要低于200 nrad才能满足光学设计的要求。在冷却水流量为2 L·min
-1
的条件下，采用液态金属（铟镓合金）侧边冷却方案能够满足热变形需求，无装夹应力，流致振动影响较小，综合面形误差为190 nrad；基于铟膜的侧边冷却方案为了获得更高的传热效率，需要装夹变形较大，且会产生较大的流致振动，综合面形误差为190 nrad；内部冷却方案虽然不存在装夹应力，但无法消除流致振动对稳定性的影响，综合面形误差为179 nrad。研究表明，基于液态金属作为传热层的侧边冷却方案在第四代同步辐射光源中具有广阔的应用潜力。
Abstract
Background
2
The ultra-high-resolution monochromator in Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) impose stringent demands on both the surface error and stability of Plane Mirror (PM).
Purpose
2
This study aims to compare three cooling schemes and evaluate their effects on surface error of PM under high heat loads.
Method
2
Firstly
finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were systematically conducted on a 360-mm-long silicon substrate subjected to maximum absorbed power of 64 W with peak power density of 0.2 W·mm
-2
. Then
three cooling configurations were analyzed: side cooling using liquid metal (eGaIn) thermal interface
side cooling with indium film interface
and internal cooling with embedded channels. Finally
surface deformation was evaluated by peak-to-valley distortion and r
oot mean square (RMS) residual slope error at cooling water flow rate of 2 L·min
-1
.
Results
2
The FEA results show that the liquid metal (eGaIn) side-cooling method demonstrates optimal performance with total RMS surface error of 190 nrad
satisfying the 200 nrad design threshold without clamping deformation. The indium-based side cooling exhibits comparable thermal efficiency with 190 nrad total error but requires 0.6 MPa clamping pressure
resulting in 51 nrad clamping-induced deformation and higher flow-induced vibration. The internal cooling achieves minimal thermal deformation with 179 nrad total error but experiences significant flow-induced vibration due to proximity of cooling channels to optical surface.
Conclusions
2
The liquid metal side cooling strategy provides superior preservation of optical surface quality
it effectively balances thermal contact resistance with mitigation of flow-induced vibration through mechanically isolated support structure. Compared to indium film side cooling (contact resistance: 8.3×10
-5
m
2
·K·W
-1
at 0.6 MPa) and internal cooling
the liquid metal (eGaIn) side cooling (thermal contact resistance: 1×10
-5
m
2
·K·W
-1
) approach demonstrates critical advantages in extreme thermal-mechanical operating conditions for fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources.
关键词
Keywords
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