Clearance level study of liquids released with medical radioisotopes 99mTc, 131I, 90Y, 223Ra in wastewater

JIANG Wenhua; LIAO Yunxuan; LYU Caixia; WANG Yinning; ZHANG Ailing

doi:10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.240547

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Clearance level study of liquids released with medical radioisotopes ^99mTc, ¹³¹I, ⁹⁰Y, ²²³Ra in wastewater

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE | 更新时间：2026-02-13

- Clearance level study of liquids released with medical radioisotopes ^99mTc, ¹³¹I, ⁹⁰Y, ²²³Ra in wastewater
- NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES Vol. 49, Issue 2, Article number: 020301(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  生态环境部核与辐射安全中心北京 102488
- 作者简介：
  
  JIANG Wenhua, female, born in 1981, graduated from Soochow University with a master's degree in 2008, focusing on radiation protection
  ZHANG Ailing, E-mail: zhangailing@chinansc.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.240547
  CLC： TL77
- Received：10 January 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-16，
  
  Published：15 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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姜文华,廖运璇,吕彩霞等.医用放射性核素^99mTc、¹³¹I、⁹⁰Y、²²³Ra废水解控排放限值研究[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020301.

JIANG Wenhua,LIAO Yunxuan,LYU Caixia,et al.Clearance level study of liquids released with medical radioisotopes ^99mTc, ¹³¹I, ⁹⁰Y, ²²³Ra in wastewater[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020301.
姜文华,廖运璇,吕彩霞等.医用放射性核素^99mTc、¹³¹I、⁹⁰Y、²²³Ra废水解控排放限值研究[J].核技术,2026,49(02):020301. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.240547. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.240547.

JIANG Wenhua,LIAO Yunxuan,LYU Caixia,et al.Clearance level study of liquids released with medical radioisotopes ^99mTc, ¹³¹I, ⁹⁰Y, ²²³Ra in wastewater[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2026,49(02):020301. DOI： 10.3724/j.0253-3219.2026.hjs.49.240547. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2026.49.240547.

摘要

医用放射性核素产生废水中所含核素的半衰期较短，排放周期也相对较短，放射性核素废水的排放致使公众和环境所受的辐射剂量基本处于较低水平。基于辐射防护最优化原则以及环境排放监管要求，可借助解控排放管理办法使这些放射性核素的排放更具合理性。本文针对医用放射性核素废水解控排放限值展开了研究，基于国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency，IAEA）推荐的放射性物质排放环境影响评价模型，分析

99m

Tc、

131

I、

Y、

223

Ra医用放射性核素废水解控排放限值，得到4种核素的解控限值分别为3.14×10

Bq∙a

-1

、2.38×10

Bq∙a

-1

、4.30×10

Bq∙a

-1

、1.45×10

Bq∙a

-1

。通过确定医用放射性核素应用单位每年放射性废水的产生量，可以将年排放量转换为排放活度浓度值。

Abstract

Background

In most cases

the radionuclides present in wastewater generated by medical utilization have relatively short half-lives

and their discharge periods are also relatively short. Radiation doses of the released wastewater with radionuclides to the public and the environment could be relatively low. From the perspective of radiation protection optimization and environmental release requirements enforcement

it is possible to rationalize the release of these radionuclides through an appropriate approach of regulatory control to the environment.

Purpose

This study aims to introduce an approach to derive clearance levels for liquids release with medical radioisotopes to ensure public health and environmental safety by optimizing the management limits for the discharge of medical radioisotopes

99m

131

and

223

Ra in wastewater.

Methods

Firstly

based on the environmental impact assessment model proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

a process to derive clearance levels of liquids release of four radionuclides which are

99m

131

and

223

Ra. The derived process focused on the potential impact on the public under two scenarios: the sludge scene

assuming that all radionuclides remain in the sludge

and the river scene assuming that all radionuclides remain in the water body then being discharged into the river. Then

the derived clearance levels were determined based on the criterion that the annual effective dose to the public from annual radioisotopes releases should not excee

d 10 μSv.

Results

The clearance levels of the four radioisotopes for liquid released in wastwater are 3.14×10

Bq∙a

-1

for

99m

2.38×10

Bq∙a

-1

for

131

4.30×10

Bq∙a

-1

for

and 1.45×10

Bq∙a

-1

for

223

Ra. Depending on the volume of radioactive wastewater generated annually from nuclear medicine of medical institutions

the clearance levels annually can be transformed into the release activity concentration.

Conclusions

This study provide a theoretical foundation and practical demonstration for deriving clearance level for the wastewater with medical radionuclides. With further research and continuous advancements in monitoring technologies

it is perspective that the findings of this study

combined with practical applications

will further improve relevant standards and regulations

thereby better supporting the application and new developments of medical radionuclides in China.

关键词

Keywords

references

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