Neutron and gamma discrimination method based on KAN and MNv4

WANG Yulong; WENG Xiufeng; LIU Xiao; CHEN Xiang; SHENG Liang; LIU Tong

doi:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240349

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Neutron and gamma discrimination method based on KAN and MNv4

NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION | 更新时间：2025-06-16

- Neutron and gamma discrimination method based on KAN and MNv4
- NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES Vol. 48, Issue 6, Article number: 060401(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学核科学与工程学院上海 200240
  2.西北核技术研究所西安 710024
  3.强脉冲辐射模拟与效应全国重点实验室西安 710024
- 作者简介：
  
  WANG Yulong, male, born in 2000, graduated from Shanghai University of Electric Power in 2022, master student, foucsing on space particle detection
  SHENG Liang, E-mail: shengliang@nint.ac.cn
  LIU Tong, E-mail: tongliu@sjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  the Outstanding Youth Fund(JQZQ021901);Nuclear Technology Research and Development Project (No.HNKF202314(HNKF202314(48))
- DOI：10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240349
  CLC： TL812
- Received：06 September 2024，
  
  Revised：24 December 2024，
  
  Published：15 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王雨龙,翁秀峰,刘霄等.基于KAN和MNv4的中子/伽马甄别方法[J].核技术,2025,48(06):060401.

WANG Yulong,WENG Xiufeng,LIU Xiao,et al.Neutron and gamma discrimination method based on KAN and MNv4[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2025,48(06):060401.
王雨龙,翁秀峰,刘霄等.基于KAN和MNv4的中子/伽马甄别方法[J].核技术,2025,48(06):060401. DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240349. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2025.48.240349.

WANG Yulong,WENG Xiufeng,LIU Xiao,et al.Neutron and gamma discrimination method based on KAN and MNv4[J].NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,2025,48(06):060401. DOI： 10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240349. CSTR： 32193.14.hjs.CN31-1342/TL.2025.48.240349.

摘要

实现对空间中子/伽马（n/γ）的精准甄别有利于空间辐射场的研究。传统的甄别方法受数据噪声影响较大，难以实现在星载探测器这样高噪声水平条件下进行n/γ甄别。为实现在不同噪声水平下n/γ的有效甄别，本研究提出了使用小波散射网络（Scattering Convolution Networks，SCN）结合MobileNetV4（MNv4）和Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks（KAN）模型的n/γ甄别的算法。研究选用Ø50 mm×50 mm的NaI（Tl）：

Li晶体与H6410光电倍增管对中国原子能科学研究院国防科技工业电离辐射一级计量站的2 500 keV与5 000 keV的中子束流进行数据采集，将2 500 keV按信号触发电平分为测试集2与训练集，5 000 keV作为测试集1。将数据集通过电荷比较法进行分类以后，使用小波散射网络进行去噪降维处理，使1 800个样本点降低为113个，然后通过MNv4或KAN模型进行粒子甄别。然后通过外加10%~50%噪声水平大小的噪声模拟不同噪声下的信号以研究算法抗噪性，最后将下降沿触发为-4 mV、-8 mV、-12 mV的不同信噪比信号进行甄别，验证算法的鲁棒性。实验表明，MNv4与KAN在两个测试集识别准确率为99.7%与98.6%，相较于比较法能够将品质因子（Figure of Merit，FOM）从1.82提高到4.07与4.40。实验表明，在15%噪声水平内，MNv4和KAN对2 500 keV与5 000 keV能量的中子的甄别准确率为99.7%，在40%噪声水平时有着大于99%的甄别准确率，在信噪比（Signal-to-Noise Ratio

，SNR）为9.13 dB时具有99%以上甄别准确率。结合小波散射网络与MNv4或KAN的深度学习算法具有降维与抗噪的能力，相较于电荷比较法，能够提高甄别的品质因子，同时还能实现高噪声水平下的中子/伽马甄别，具有良好的鲁棒性。

Abstract

Background

Achieving precise identification of neutrons/gammas in space is beneficial for studying space radiation fields. Traditional identification methods are significantly affected by data noise

making it challenging to distinguish neutrons/gammas under the high-noise conditions of spaceborne detectors.

Purpose

This study aims to propose a deep learning algorithm that combines Scattering Convolution Networks with MobileNetV4 (MNv4) and Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KAN) to improve neutron/gamma discrimination performance and the noise robustness of this method.

Methods

Firstly

a Ø50 mm×50 mm NaI(Tl):

Li crystals and H6410 photomultiplier tubes were employed to collect data on neutron beams of 2 500 keV and 5 000 keV from the National Defense Technology Industrial Ionizing Radiation Calibration Station at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). Then

the 2 500 keV data were divided into test set 2 and training set

while the 5 000 keV data served as test set 1. After classifying the dataset using the charge comparison method

the scattering convolution networks (SCN) was used for denoising and dimensionality reduction

reducing 1 800 sample points to 113. Particle identification was then performed using MNv4 or KAN model. Finally

simulated signals with noise levels of 10%~50% were applied to investigating the algorithm's noise resistance and tested different signal-to-noise ratios with falling edge trigger leves of -4 mV

-8 mV

and -12 mV to verify the algorithm's robustness.

Results

The experiment results show that MNv4 and KAN achieve recognition accuracies of 99.7% and 98.6% on the two test sets

respectively

compared to the comparison method

which improves the Figure of Merit (FOM) from 1.82 to 4.07 and 4.40. At a 15% noise level

MNv4 and KAN achieve neutron identification accuracies of 99.7% for 2 500 keV and 5 000 keV energies whilst the identification accuracies of above two algorithms are maintained above 99% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 9.13 dB at a 40% noise level.

Conclusions

Combining SCN with deep learning algorithms like MNv4 or KAN provides dimensionality reduction and noise resistance. Compared to the charge comparison method

this approach improves the Figure of Merit (FOM) and enables neutron/gamma discrimination even at high noise levels

demonstrating good robustness.

关键词

Keywords

references

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