“In the field of materials science, researchers have used resistance evaporation coating technology to deposit titanium films on the surface of molybdenum substrates, and characterized the microstructure and mechanical properties of the titanium films through XRD, SEM, AFM and other methods. Research has found that the substrate temperature has a significant impact on the grain orientation, grain size, surface roughness, and elastic modulus of titanium films. As the substrate temperature increases, the preferred orientation of the titanium film changes from (101) to (002), and the grain size, roughness, and elastic modulus all increase.”