Applications of neutron scattering in the study of structures and functions of biological macromolecules are reviewed. Low energy neutrons can induce elastic
quasielastic and inelastic scatterings in biological samples. By measuring the scattered neutron intensity versus momenta and energy transfers
the structure and dynamical information of the biological macromolecules can be obtained. From the scattering intensity function
form factor and structure factor
we can get information about the geometric size
shape
volume
mass
radius of gyration
distance distribution functions and concentration of the interest atoms especially hydrogen atoms
in the biological macromolecules. Moreover
compared with the X-ray method
neutron scattering causes less damage to biological samples.