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东北农学院
Received:23 May 1986,
Published:1987-10
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Shuyu Wang, Zaijiu Cui. Nondestructive determination of eggshell thicknesses by reflecting
鸡蛋蛋壳的主要成分是碳酸钙(占93%)和有机物(占4%)。蛋壳厚度因季节、营养、生理及遗传等因素的影响差异很大,一般在0.26—0.38mm之间,小头(又称锐端)比大头(又称钝端)略厚些。蛋壳由内层(乳头层)和外层(海绵层)组成。内层厚度约0.11mm,占蛋壳厚度的三分之一,外层具有相当硬度和耐压力,起着固定蛋形的作用,在蛋壳上密布孔隙叫做气孔,气孔的大小为4—40
µ
m,每个鸡蛋壳上约七千个气孔。种蛋的蛋壳厚度应在0.33—0.35mm之间,厚度小于0.27mm时为薄蛋壳,这种蛋水分蒸发较快,易被微生物侵入,又易破损。反之,蛋壳太厚(0.45mm以上),水分不易蒸发,在孵化后期气体交换困难,鸡胚不易啄破蛋壳而往往闷死,使出雏率降低。鲜鸡蛋(商品蛋)在21—24℃下室内贮存,两周减重占原鲜蛋重的1.87—1.95%,四周为3.6-3.9%,平均每枚每日减重占原蛋重的0.11—0.17%。薄蛋壳鸡蛋不仅失水严重而且破损也比较严重,Petter Hunton
[1]
指出,在22个主要产蛋国家,最低破损率5%,每年平均损失蛋约130亿枚,每年的经济损失六亿六千七百万美元。
A
polymethyl methacrylate frame with a 30
µ
Ci
90
Si-
9O
Y annular source underneath was designed to measure eggshell thicknesses. The intensity of β-rays reflected from the eggs increases with the eggshell thickness. A curve was experimentally obtained to relate the β-ray intensity and thicknesses of eggshell
through which eggshell thickness can be determined nondestructively.
Peter Hunton , World Poultry Science Journal , 38 , 2 ( 1982 ).
Carter , Brit. Poult. Sci ., 12 , 259 ( 1971 ).
Engstrom , Proceedings of 2nd world congress on genetic applied to livestock production , 1982 , p. 1225 .
Wells , Brit. Poult. Sci ., 8 , 131 ( 1967 ).
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