本文用穆斯堡尔谱学分析了Fe-Ni因瓦合金的磁结构特征，讨论了因瓦机理以及掺加稀土Pr对合金结构、性能的影响。实验表明：Fe-Ni因瓦合金的内磁场分布曲线呈双峰特征，表明合金中共存有铁磁性和反铁磁性两种磁状态的Fe原子。这与小角中子衍射实验结论一致。温度升高时，合金中原子体积较小的铁磁态Fe原子，可部份地热激发为原子体积较小的反铁磁态Fe原子，同时伴同产生合金的磁致体积收缩。这是Fe-Ni因瓦合金具有热膨胀系数很小等一系列因瓦效应的根源。在Fe-36wt%Ni合金中掺加微量（0.12～0.4wt%）Pr的穆斯堡尔谱分析表明，掺Pr的Fe-Ni合金其磁结构特征基本不变，这与实验测得的掺Pr的Fe-Ni合金热膨胀系数仍处于因瓦特性区（＜2.0×10

-6

/℃）的预期结果一致。另一方面，Pr原子（离子）半径（1.83Å）大于Fe（1.24Å）、Ni（1.24Å）；Pr原子电负性（1.2）小于Fe（1.8（+3））、Ni（1.8）。掺加到Fe-Ni合金中的Pr必将引起合金电子结构发生某些变化。实验表明：随Pr含量增加，掺Pr的Fe-Ni因瓦合金的平均内磁场降低，同位移

δ

向正值方向增长，这同实验测得的合金宏观磁性减弱的结果一致。因此，在Fe-Ni因瓦合金中掺加适量稀土元素，是获取低磁因瓦合金的一条可行工艺途径。

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